尊重野性，回归荒野——《野性的呼唤》的生态伦理阐释
Respecting the Wild and Returning to the Wild—An Explanation of Ecological Ethics in The Call of the Wild

《野性的呼唤》是生态文学作家杰克？伦敦的代表作。这部作品经历了一百多年的时代变迁，仍然具有强大的生命力。杰克？伦敦一改以人为主人公的叙事方式，以一只名为巴克的狗为主人公，表达出作者对人类中心主义的反思。在生态伦理学视域下对《野性的呼唤》进行阐释得出以下结论：首先，巴克在人类的残酷虐待下，逐渐恢复野性，最终报复人类，体现了对生态中心主义的呼唤，暗喻自然对人类的报复是人类自食其行为的恶果；其次，索恩顿被杀，揭示了人类中心主义思想下对动物的利用仍会导致人与自然关系的崩塌，须尊重动物主体的权利；最后，巴克彻底抛弃人类驯化的文明与道德，回归荒野，成为狼群首领，则体现了精神世界的彻底解放。《野性的呼唤》对于解决当今社会的生态危机问题具有深刻的启发意义。
The Call of the Wild is the representative work of ecological literature writer Jack London. This work has experienced the changes of the times for more than 100 years, and still has a strong vi-tality. Jack London changed the way of narrating people as the protagonist, and used a dog named Buck as the protagonist, expressing the author’s reflection on anthropocentrism. The following conclusions are drawn from the interpretation of The Call of the Wild from the perspective of ecological ethics: First, Buck gradually recovered his wildness under the cruel abuse of human beings, and finally took revenge on human beings. The revenge of human beings is the result of human beings’ own actions; secondly, Thornton was killed, revealing that the use of animals under anthropocentrism will still lead to the collapse of the relationship between man and nature, and the rights of animal subjects must be respected; finally, Buck completely abandoned the civilization and morality of human domestication, returned to the wilderness, and became the leader of the wolf pack, which reflected the complete liberation of the spiritual world. The Call of the Wild has profound inspiration for solving the ecological crisis in today’s society.