Although the study of the hierarchy of localities presents an important social and economic stake, studies focused on the hierarchy of rural localities are relatively weak, especially in Africa. It is important to highlight the hierarchy of rural areas in order to reveal poles that can support sustainable growth. Our main objective is to study the hierarchy of rural localities in the Niakhar area, using a geographic approach. The data come from the Niakhar demographic, epidemiological and environmental observatory database and the Niakhar Atlas project of the French Research Institute for Development (IRD). The net flow method, the primacy index, the median population threshold method and the measurement of the correlation between level of centrality and population size are used to analyze the data. Our study allowed us to determine the main types of centrality and to establish the hierarchy of rural localities in the Niakhar zone. It also highlighted the strong correlation between the rank of localities and the size of the population of the latter. The main contribution of our work is to have highlighted, in order, the structuring localities of the rural space of the Niakhar area, by combining several indicators of centrality.
References
[1]
Crozet, Y. (2009) Les perspectives de la demande de déplacements interurbains. In: OCDE, Ed., Les perspectives du transport interurbain de personnes: Rapprocher les citoyens, OCDE, Paris, 63-106.
[2]
Yeo, H., Kra, K.J. and Koffi, L.F.E. (2016) Infrastructures de transport et accessibilité géographique des populations rurales aux équipements sanitaires urbains dans la zone dense de Korhogo (nord de la Cote d’Ivoire). Espace, Populations, Sociétés.
http://journals.openedition.org/eps/6331
https://doi.org/10.4000/eps.6331
[3]
Christaller, W. (1966) Central Places in Southern Germany, Translated by Carlisle W. Baskin. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, 130 p.
[4]
Shabnam, K. and Ateeque, A. (2013) Hierarchy of Rural Settlements: A Strategy for Balanced in Regional Development in Aligarh District. International Journal of Scientific Research, 2, 194-197. https://doi.org/10.15373/22778179/SEP2013/66
[5]
Delaunay, V., Engeli, E., Franzetti, R., Golay, G., Moullet, A. and Sauvain-Dugerdil, C. (2016) La migration temporaire des jeunes au Sénégal: Un facteur de résilience des sociétés rurales sahéliennes? Afrique Contemporaine, No. 259, 75-94.
https://doi.org/10.3917/afco.259.0075
[6]
Fall, P.D. (2017) Exode rural et transformation de l’espace dans l’arrièrepays de Fatick (Sénégal). Revista Internacional de Estudios Migratorios, 7, 101-122.
https://doi.org/10.25115/riem.v7i1.1076
[7]
Huges, C. (2011) A Rural Settlement Hierarchy Study of Canterbury District, Ashford/Kent. Catherine Huges Associates, Ashford, 73 p.
[8]
Adeiza, I.N., Abubakar, E.O. and Adedayo, A. (2017) A Spatial Analysis of Some Indicators of Development in the Rural Areas of Okene, Kogi State, Nigeria. Journal of Geography, Environment and Earth Science International, 10, 1-22.
https://doi.org/10.9734/JGEESI/2017/28165
[9]
Edwards, A.L. (1976) The Correlation Coefficient. In: Freeman, W.H., Ed., An Introduction to Linear Regression and Correlation, San Francisco, 33-46.
[10]
Hellequin, A.P., Boissonade, J., Duhamel, S., Gueydan, S. and Valcke, S. (2007) Centralité, continuité et citadinité. In: Tsiomis, Y., Ed., Echelles et temporalités des projets urbains, Jean-Michel Place, Paris, 143-158.
[11]
Bourdeau-Lepage, L., Huriot, J.M. and Perreur, J. (2009) à la recherche de la centralité perdue. Revue d’Economie Régionale & Urbaine, No. 3, 549-572.
https://doi.org/10.3917/reru.093.0549
[12]
Bonneau, M., Sébille, B., Bellon-Serre, L., Javouret, C. and Page, G. (2012/13) Centralités. Atelier International 2012/2013, Tokyo, 47 p.
https://educnet.enpc.fr/pluginfile.php/39068/mod_folder/content/0/2013_1T_Centralites.pdf?forcedownload=1
[13]
Gaschet, F. and Lacour, C. (2002) Métropolisation, centre et centralité. Revue d’économie Régionale & Urbaine, No. 1, 49-72. https://doi.org/10.3917/reru.021.0049
[14]
Tortel, L. (2003) Pratiques commerciales et comportements de centralités. In: Gallety, J.C., Ed., Centralité dans la ville en mutation. Quelles perspectives d’action pour les pouvoirs publics, CERTU, Lyon, 30-43.
[15]
Augé, M. (1992) Non-Lieux: Introduction à une anthropologie de la surmodernité. Seuil, Paris, 152 p.
[16]
Monnet, J. (2000) Les dimensions symboliques de la centralité. Cahiers de Géographie du Québec, 44, 399-418. https://doi.org/10.7202/022927ar
[17]
Haggett, P. and Gunawardena, K.A. (1964) Determination of Population Thresholds for Settlement Functions by the Reed-Muench Method. The Professional Geographer, 16, 6-9. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0033-0124.1964.006_q.x
[18]
Clément, A. (2018) Echantillonnage. Taille de l’échantillon. YouTube.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qm6j5dEmwCI&t=55s
[19]
Zipf, G.K. (1949) Human Behavior and the Principle of Least Effort: An Introduction to Human Ecology. Addison-Wesley, Cambridge, 597 p.
[20]
Rakotomalala, R. (2017) Analyse de corrélation. étude des dépendances-Variables quantitatives. Version 1.1. Université Lumière Lyon 2, Lyon, 99 p.
[21]
Diouf, R.N.T. (2018) Analyse de la mobilité rurale: Influence de l’appartenance territoriale et de la distance sur les interactions entre lieux dans la zone de Niakhar (Région de Fatick, Sénégal). Mémoire de Master, ESEA/UCAD, 109 p.
[22]
Sow, P.B. (2018) Analyse de l’accessibilité géographique aux équipements et la perception des usagers par rapport à l’offre de service au Sénégal: cas de la zone de Niakhar. Mémoire de Master, ESEA/UCAD, Dakar, 125 p.
[23]
Furrer, B. (2013) Hierarchies in Villages in the Swiss Alps. Even in the Cradle of Democracy Not All Men Are Equal. In Klapste, J., Ed., Hierarchies in Rural Settlements, Brepols Publishers, Turnhout, 35-48.
https://doi.org/10.1484/M.RURALIA.1.101601
[24]
NCERT (National Council of Education Research and Training) (2014) Fundamentals of Human Geography for Class. New Delhi, 114 p.
[25]
Ndonky, A., Ndour, M.M.M., Ndiaye, I., Lalou, R. and Tine, C. (2021) Mapping Rural Mobility in the Niakhar Area (Fatick Region, Senegal). Journal of Geographic Information System, 13, 65-82. https://doi.org/10.4236/jgis.2021.131005
[26]
Béguin, H. (1979) Urban Hierarchy and the Rank-Size Distribution. Geographical Analysis, 11, 149-164. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1538-4632.1979.tb00683.x
[27]
Belhedi, A. (2004) Le système urbain tunisien. Analyse hiérarchique démo-fonctionnelle sur la base de la loi Rang-taille. Cybergeo: European Journal of Geography.
http://journals.openedition.org/cybergeo/3877
[28]
Brunet, Y. (1980) évolution de la relation rang-taille dans le système urbain québécois entre 1871 et 1976. L’Actualité économique, 56, 569-596.
https://doi.org/10.7202/600947ar
