全部 标题 作者
关键词 摘要

OALib Journal期刊
ISSN: 2333-9721
费用:99美元

查看量下载量

相关文章

更多...

Assessment of Physical Characteristics of Bugang River Watershed in Pandan, Antique, Philippines

DOI: 10.4236/oje.2022.126021, PP. 360-376

Keywords: Barangay Pandan, Floral Characteristics, Watershed, Stratification, Antique Philippines

Full-Text   Cite this paper   Add to My Lib

Abstract:

Sustainable and appropriate watershed management strategies require the determination of biophysical information which includes the floral characteristics of the watershed. This study was conducted to characterize the floral composition of the Bugang River watershed. Data gathering was done by conducting an inventory for trees, palms, and bamboos with Quadrant Sampling using a stratified random sampling method in the forested area of the watershed with 50 m × 20 m sampling plots. Floral species were identified and classified through local experts, published books, journals, the internet, and available references. A total of 60 species belonging to 31 families and 52 genera were found using this method. Gogo (Entada phaseoloides) had the highest number of species with 222 or 14% of the total species. Trees with dbh 10 cm and above have a total estimated volume of 102.31 m3. The average diameter and average height of species decrease as the elevation increases. The result showed that the Bugang River watershed has a diverse floral composition, with vertical stratification and a dense canopy. The advocacy and awareness campaign should be done and strengthen the protection and conservation efforts of concerned agencies for the sustainability of the watershed.

References

[1]  Javier, J.A. (1999) Watershed Management Policies and Institutional Mechanisms: A Critical Review. Journal of Philippine Development, 26, 87-100.
[2]  Paragas, V.S., Manzano Jr., J.A. and Cacanindin, D.C. (1997) Land Use Planning Strategies on Watershed Management and Disaster Reduction in the Philippines. 1-21.
http://wgbis.ces.iisc.ernet.in/energy/HC270799/LM/SUSLUP/Thema4/255/255.PDF
[3]  Issaka, S. and Ashraf, M.A. (2017) Impact of Soil Erosion and Degradation on Water Quality: A Review. Geology, Ecology, and Landscapes, 1, 1-11.
https://doi.org/10.1080/24749508.2017.1301053
[4]  United State Environmental Protection Agency (2011) Healthy Watershed Initiatives: National Framework and Action Plan.
https://www.epa.gov/healthywatersheds
[5]  Cotrone, V. (2015) The Role of Trees and Forests in Healthy Watersheds. Managing Stormwater, Reducing Flooding, and Improving Water Quality. PennState Extension.
https://extension.psu.edu/the-role-of-trees-and-healthy-watersheds
[6]  Guzman, A.M.T. and Capaque, T.P.V. (2014) Inventory of Ecologically-Important Fish Species in Bugang River, Philippines. Aquaculture, Aquarium, Conservation & Legislation, 7, 396-404.
http://www.bioflux.com.ro/aacl
[7]  Wang, G., Mang, S., Cai, H., Liu, S., Zhang, Z., Wang, L. and Innes, J.L. (2016) Integrated Watershed Management: Evolution, Development and Emerging Trends. Journal of Forestry Research, 27, 967-994.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11676-016-0293-3
[8]  Ffolliotte, P.F., Baker, M.B., Edminster, C.B., Dillon, M.C. and Kora, K.L. (2020) Land Stewardship through Watershed Management, Perspective for 21st Century. Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publisher, New York, 134.
https://www.wkap.nl/
[9]  Official Gazette (1975) Presidential Decree No. 705, s. 1975. Revising Presidential Decree No. 389, Otherwise Known As the Forestry Reform Code of the Philippines.
https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1975/05/19/presidential-decree-no-705-s-1975/
[10]  Janowiak, M. Forested Watershed. Taking Action Now can Help Forested Watersheds Prepare for and Adapt to a Changing Climate. Climate Change Response Framework.
https://forestadaptation.org/focus/forested-watersheds
[11]  Schoenholtz, S.H. (2004) Hydrology. Impacts of Forest Management on Water Quality. Encyclopedia of Forest Sciences, 2004, 377-387.
https://doi.org/10.1016/B0-12-145160-7/00209-X
[12]  IUFRO (2015) Forest Resources Inventory and Monitoring. Interconnecting Forests, Science and People.
https://www.iufro.org/science/divisions/division-4/40000/40200/
[13]  Mohren, G.M.J., Hasenauer, H., Kohl, M. and Nabuurs, G.-J. (2012) Forest Inventories for Carbon Change Assessments. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, 4, 686-695.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2012.10.002
[14]  Mejia, G.A. and Orr, B. (2015) Forest Management Plans in Los Planes de La Palma, El Salvador. Natural Resources, 6, 527-533.
https://doi.org/10.4236/nr.2015.611050
[15]  Kohl, M., Magnussen, S.S. and Marchetti, M. (2006) Sampling Methods, Remote Sensing and GIS Multiresource Forest Invenotry. Springer Verlag, Berlin.
https://citations.springernature.com/book?doi=10.1007/978-3-540-32572-7
[16]  Merill, E.D. (1903) A Dictionary of the Plant Names of the Philippines Island. University of Michigan.
https://books.google.com.ph/books/about/A_DICTIONARY_OF_THE_PLANT_NAMES_OF_THE_P.html?id=WZW71MAoOuoC&redir_esc=y
[17]  Madulid, D.A. (2001) Dictionary of Philippine Plant Names. National Agricultural Library, Bookmark Publisher, Makati.
https://www.agris.fao.org/agris-search/search.do?recordID=US201300121616
[18]  Alcasid Jr., G.N. (1995) General Soil Map of the Philippines. National Soil Maps (EUDASM), Joint Research Centre.
https://esdac.jrc.ec.europa.eu/content/general-soil-map-philippines-sheet-1
[19]  Hakwins, B.A., Field, R., Cornell, H.V., et al. (2003) Energy, Water, and Broad-Scale Geographic Patterns of Species Richness. Ecology, 84, 3105-3117.
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02393050
[20]  Funnel, D. and Parish, R. (2001) Mountain Environment and Communities. Routledge, London.
https://www.api.taylorfrancis.com
[21]  Kleinman, S. (2019) Understanding Soils in Forests. Climate-Woodlands.
https://climate-woodlands.extension.org/understanding-soils-in-forests/
[22]  Krishna, M.P. and Mohan, M. (2017) Litter Decomposition in Forest Ecosystems: A Review. Energy, Ecology and Environment, 2, 236-249.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s40974-017-0064-9
[23]  Assmann, E. (1970) The Principles of Forest Yield Study: Studies in the Organic Production, Structure, Increment, and Yield of Forest Stands. Pergamon Press, Oxford.
https://www.elsevier.com/books/the-principles-of-forest-yield-study/assmann/978-0-08-006658-5

Full-Text

Contact Us

service@oalib.com

QQ:3279437679

WhatsApp +8615387084133