上海市主要医疗卫生资源配置公平性研究
Research on Equity of Allocation of Main Medical and Health Resources in Shanghai

目的：分析2016~2020年上海市医疗资源配置公平性，针对其配置现状探究存在的问题，为下一步优化上海市医疗资源配置提供依据。方法：采用基尼系数分别从人口分布和地理分布两个层面比较2016~2020年上海市主要卫生资源配置。结果：上海市2016~2020年卫生机构数、床位数、卫生技术人员数按人口配置的基尼系数分别为0.1612、0.1906、0.2259；按地理面积配置的基尼系数分别为0.4552、0.6586、0.6735。结论：上海市主要医疗卫生资源配置存在不公平现象，具体为人口优于地理、物力优于人力以及医疗资源总量距离目标仍有差距。究其原因是政府在政策制定、财政投入以及资源供给方面的不足。基于此本文提出以下建议，应注重地理覆盖率、加大人力资源供给以及提高卫生资源配置总量。
Objective: To analyze the fairness of medical resource allocation in Shanghai from 2016 to 2020, explore the existing problems according to its allocation status, and provide basis for optimizing the allocation of medical resources in Shanghai in the next step. Methods: The Gini coefficient was used to compare the allocation of main health resources in Shanghai from 2016 to 2020 from the two levels of population distribution and geographical distribution. Results: From 2016 to 2020, the Gini coefficients of the number of health institutions, beds and health technicians in Shanghai were 0.1612, 0.1906 and 0.2259 respectively; The Gini coefficient of geographical area is 0.4552, 0.6586 and 0.6735. Conclusion: There is an unfair phenomenon in the allocation of main medical and health resources in Shanghai, which is that population is better than geography, material resources are better than manpower, and there is still a gap between the total amount of medical resources and the target. The reason is the lack of government policy-making, financial investment and re-source supply. Based on this, this paper puts forward the following suggestions: we should pay at-tention to geographical coverage, increase the supply of human resources and improve the total al-location of health resources.