身份的追逐——狄娜？萨比托娃笔下的孤儿群像
The Pursuit of Identity—Group Portraits of Orphans by Dina Sabitova

孤儿身份认同问题是俄罗斯当代知名儿童作家狄娜？萨比托娃小说创作的主题之一，但目前国内外学界对此研究涉及甚少。本文将借用身份认同的理论和方法考察《你的三个名字》中玛格丽塔的身份追寻、《哪里没有冬天》中帕维尔的身份悖论、《玛尔塔的故事》中玛尔塔的身份拷问及《首饰盒里的马戏团》中马里克的身份定位，借以阐释作家对孤儿群体身份认同的心理疏导和现实关切。通过对主人公身份认同心理构造图的勾勒，能较为明显地看出作者在颠覆传统上对身世可怜、孤苦无依的孤儿形象塑造的同时，赋予了孤儿独立反思的能力和主动追寻的意愿，在家庭和梦想的追逐中实现了新身份的认同，客观上也映射出当今俄罗斯社会中特殊儿童的教育环境与人文关怀。
The identity of orphans is one of the themes in the novels of Dina Sabitova, a well-known contemporary Russian children’s writer, but little research has been done on it in domestic and foreign academic circles. This article will use the theory and method of identity to examine Margarita’s pursuit of identity in Your Three Names, Pavel’s identity paradox in Where Is No Winter, and Margarita’s identity torture in The Story of Marta and Malik’s identity positioning in The Circus in the Hand Jewelry Box, to illustrate the writer’s psychological counseling and realistic concerns about the identity of the orphan group. Through the outline of the psychological structure of the protagonist’s identity, it can be clearly seen that the author has endowed the orphan with the ability of independent reflection and the willingness to actively pursue while subverting the traditional image of the poor and lonely orphans. In the pursuit of family and dreams, the recognition of a new identity has been realized, which objectively reflects the educational environment and humanistic care of special children in today’s Russian society.