FY4A卫星遥感资料在乌鲁木齐机场一次强对流天气中的应用初探
Preliminary Application of FY4A Satellite Remote Sensing Data in a Severe Convective Weather at Urumqi Airport

本文使用FY2G、FY4A卫星、HTG-3微波辐射计等资料对乌鲁木齐机场2017年初夏一次强对流天气进行遥感探测分析，针对新型遥感侧资料在对航空飞行安全有重要影响的强对流天气的应用效果进行评估，结果表明：1) FY2G、FY4A卫星资料对强对流的监视有较好的效果，FY4A卫星的TBB产品能定量地分析、显示对流云团的初生、发展、演变，强对流天气发生时，云顶温度梯度的移动方向能较好地解释系统移动、强度变化。2) 微波辐射计资料能够较好地监测雷暴强对流天气的发生、发展。微波辐射计的相对湿度、整层水汽含量和液态水含量资料能够很好地揭示冰雹、降水来临时空中水汽分布及层结。冰雹发生时，空中水汽接近饱和。而CAPE、Ki指数跃变的时间段与实况中雷暴发生的时间较为吻合。液态水含量的伸展高度与雷暴云的高度有较好的对应关系。而微波辐射计自带的气象站温度和相对湿度场能够大体反应出雷暴天气时气象要素的变化，但是略有滞后，而降水率方面，出现时间与实况较符合，但强度与实况有偏差。微波辐射计在雷暴天气应用中具有较好的监视效果，预报员可以根据实时探测资料了解雷暴的伸展高度、强度，有利于提供更好的航空气象服务。
Using FY2G and FY4A satellite and HTG-3 microwave radiometer data are used to detect and analyze a severe convective weather in Urumqi Airport in early summer of 2017. The application effect of new remote sensing side data in severe convective weather which has an important impact on aviation flight safety is evaluated. Results show that FY2G and FY4A satellites data have a good effect on the monitoring of convection storm. The TBB product of FY4A satellite can quantitatively analyze and display the birth, development and evolution of convective clouds. When strong convective weather occurs, the moving direction of cloud top temperature gradient can better explain the movement and intensity change of the system. The microwave radiometer data can better monitor the occurrence and development of thunderstorm severe convective weather. The data of relative humidity, whole layer water vapor content and liquid water content of microwave radiometer can well reveal the water vapor distribution and stratification in the coming time and space of hail and precipitation. When hail occurs, the water vapor in the air is close to saturation. The time period of CAPE and Ki index jump is consistent with the time of thunderstorm in reality. The extension height of liquid water content has a good corresponding relationship with the height of thunderstorm cloud. The temperature and relative humidity field of the meteorological station equipped with the microwave radiometer can generally reflect the changes of meteorological elements during thunderstorm weather, but it lags slightly. In terms of precipitation rate, the occurrence time is more consistent with the actual situation, but the intensity is deviated from the actual situation. Microwave radiometer has good monitoring effect in thunderstorm weather application. Forecasters can understand the extension height and intensity of thunderstorm according to real-time detection data, which is conducive to providing better aviation meteorological services.