利他与利己：新时代大学生志愿服务动机的辩证思考及培育路径
Altruism and Egoism: Dialectical Thinking and Cultivation Path of College Students’ Voluntary Service Motivation in the New Era

利他与利己在价值上呈现相悖性，但两者却能共存于志愿服务及志愿精神的内涵中。从马克思主义人学角度来看，两者是对立统一的，利他与利己的关系根源于马克思主义人的本质学说、产生于马克思主义人的需要学说。志愿精神是志愿行动的内在驱力，是新时代大学生志愿服务的精神内核，正确认识志愿服务动机中利他与利己的关系是培育高尚志愿精神的前提。培育大学生志愿精神，首先要树立科学的志愿服务动机。传统观念通常认为，利他与利己不可兼得，大学生常因带有利他和利己双重动机冲突参与志愿服务而倍感压力。因此，培育大学生志愿精神，应从大学生个体需要出发，以人为本，在志愿服务中实现利他与利己动机的和谐统一。同时，结合社会、高校、个体层面，引导大学生树立科学的志愿服务动机。
Altruism and egoism are contrary in value, but they can coexist in the implication of voluntary service and voluntary spirit. From the perspective of Marxist humanism, the two are unity of op-posites. The relationship between altruism and egoism is rooted in the Marxist theory of human essence and the Marxist theory of human needs. Voluntary spirit is the internal driving force of voluntary action and the spiritual core of college students’ voluntary service in the new era. A correct understanding of the relationship between altruism and egoism in voluntary service mo-tivation is the premise of cultivating noble voluntary spirit. To cultivate college students’ voluntary spirit, we must first establish a scientific motivation of voluntary service. The traditional view is that altruism and egoism cannot be achieved at the same time. College students often feel pressure to participate in voluntary service because of the conflict between altruism and egoism. Therefore, to cultivate college students’ voluntary spirit, we should start from the individual needs of college students, put people first, and realize the harmonious unity of altruistic and egoistic motives in voluntary service. At the same time, combined with the society, university and individual levels, guide college students to establish a scientific motivation for voluntary service.