阀门套筒孔群对蒸汽阀内流动及噪声特性影响研究
Study on Flow and Noise Characteristics of Valve Sleeve Holes in Steam Valves

调节阀在舰船管路系统中运行时受蒸汽流动激励产生噪声，降低阀内流动压力脉动是调节阀降噪设计的关键。针对调节阀内气动噪声问题，以窗型阀门套筒为基础，本文设计了四种不同孔型的阀套结构，进行了低噪声的优化设计。利用数值方法计算了调节阀内湍流场及其产生的噪声，研究阀套孔型对阀内流动及其噪声的影响规律。结果表明，小孔孔群阀套显著降低了阀门喉部及扩压段蒸汽气流流速，减小了在阀门壁面上的流动分离和压力脉动幅值，改变了气流振荡力引发的噪声。阀套采用S型总声压级比窗型孔降低9 dB，但流通能力减弱近18.4%，K型孔降噪效果最好，总声压级可比S型降低4 dB，流通能力则进一步减弱17.2%，压损提高2%。
The key of noise reduction design is to reduce the pressure pulsation in the valve, which is excited by steam flow when the valve is running in the ship pipeline system. Aiming at the problem of aerodynamic noise in the regulating valve, based on the window valve sleeve, this paper designed four valve sleeve structures with different holes, and carried out the optimization design of low noise. The turbulence field and its noise in the regulating valve were calculated by numerical method, and the influence of valve sleeve on the flow and noise in the valve was studied. The results show that the flow velocity of steam at the throat and diffusing section of the valve is significantly reduced, the flow separation and pressure pulsation amplitude on the valve wall are reduced, and the noise caused by the gas shock force is changed. The total sound pressure level of S-type valve sleeve is reduced by 9 dB compared with that of window hole, but the flow capacity is reduced by nearly 18.4%. The noise reduction effect of K-type valve sleeve is the best, the total sound pressure level is reduced by 4 dB compared with that of S-type valve sleeve, the flow capacity is further reduced by 17.2%, and the pressure loss is increased by 2%.