自适应知觉训练对健康老年人认知功能改善的群体差异分析
Group Difference Analysis of Adaptive Perception Training on Cognitive Function Improvement in Healthy Elderly

群体差异可能影响知觉训练效果，但迄今尚无特异性实验证据。本研究采用难度自适应的计算机程序分别对以年龄、文化程度为标准划分的健康老年被试进行同时性判断训练。结果发现：1)：60岁以下与教育程度9年以上被试训练成绩上限更高、认知可塑性更强；2) 60岁及以上较60岁以下被试成绩提高幅度更大，训练收益更多；3) 教育程度9年及以下较9年以上被试成绩提高幅度较小。综合可知，基线认知水平与训练上限呈正相关，与提升幅度呈负相关。提示应延长基线认知水平较低的老年人训练周期，并提高基线认知水平较高的老年人任务难度，同时探索训练效率与收益兼得的“甜点”，这将极大提高知觉训练的收益。
Group differences may affect the effect of perception training, but the experimental evidence is unspecific. In this study, a computer program with adaptive difficulty was used to conduct simul-taneous judgment training for healthy elderly subjects divided by age and education level. The results were as follows: 1) The subjects under 60 years old and more than 9 years of education had higher upper limit of training performance and stronger cognitive plasticity; 2) Subjects aged 60 and above had more training benefits than those aged below 60; 3) Compared with the subjects with more than 9 years of education, the scores of the subjects with 9 years of education and less improved slightly. In conclusion, baseline cognitive level is positively correlated with training upper limit and negatively correlated with improvement range. It is suggested that the training period of the elderly with low baseline cognitive level should be extended, and the task difficulty of the elderly with high baseline cognitive level should be increased. Meanwhile, the “dessert” of training efficiency and benefits should be explored, which will greatly improve the benefits of perception training.