网络小额贷款法律监管问题研究——以“蚂蚁金服小额贷款”为例
Research on the Legal Supervision of Internet Micro-Loan—In Conjunction with the ANT Financial Loan

网络小额贷款是在小额贷款的基础上不断发展，并结合互联网“云计算、大数据”形成的。正因网络小额贷款在实践中不断发展完善，故而我国对其的监管按照“出现问题再制定文件，网络小额贷款又出现新的问题，再制定新的规范性文件”的模式进行，这就导致监管陷入了一个“死循环”。为应对这一问题，中国银保监会与中国银行于2020年11月联合发布了《网络小额贷款业务管理暂行办法(征求意见稿)》(以下简称《网络小贷暂行办法》)，这显示出我国对网络小额贷款的监管进入了一个新阶段，从“自由、效率”的理念向“公平、秩序”所转变。本文开篇分析从小额贷款到网络小额贷款的发展历程，网络小额贷款与互联网金融的关系，探讨监管网络小额贷款背后的法理，以蚂蚁金服涵盖的网络小额贷款举例进行实例分析。其次，对我国网络小额贷款监管现状进行分析，发现现有监管存在哪些不足。最后，针对上述不足，提出自己的建议，以期完善网络小额贷款监管体系，促进网络小额贷款的发展。
Online micro-loans are continuously developed on the basis of micro-loans, combined with the Internet “cloud computing, big data” formed. Because of its constantly developing in practice, supervision in China is only in accordance with the “problem and re-enactment of documents” mode. Internet microfinance has new problems, and then new regulatory documents are formulated. This has led to a “vicious circle” of regulation. In response to this problem, in November 2020, the China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission, together with the Bank of China, issued the Interim Measures for the Management of Online Microfinance Business (Draft for Comment), which shows that regulatory philosophy for online “efficiency” changes to “fairness and order” in China. First, this article analyzes the development process from microfinance to online microfinance. Secondly, this article analyzes the current situation of online microfinance supervision in China, and finds the shortcomings of existing supervision. Finally, this article puts suggestions in order to improve the online micro-loan supervision system and promote the development of online micro-loans.