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大气水汽同位素观测与研究新进展
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Abstract:
由于同位素的分馏效应，大气水汽氢氧稳定同位素包含了重要的水循环信息，成为研究陆–气、海–气、植被–大气界面水分运动的重要工具。二十一世纪以来，稳定同位素红外光谱技术快速发展，傅里叶变换红外线光谱仪(FTIR)和光腔增强近红外激光吸收光谱仪(CES)被广泛应用，促进了大气水汽观测逐渐成熟，观测精度不断提高，监测数据不断丰富。目前，基于红外光谱技术建立起了NDACC、TCCON、SWVID等地基监测网络，开展大气水汽同位素监测。TES、SCIAMACHY、IASI、MIPAS、ACE等观测项目将FTIR搭载在卫星上对对流层或平流层的水汽同位素进行监测，形成了覆盖全球的大气水汽同位素卫星天基观测网络。此外，还产生了结合天基和地基观测的MUSICA项目。上述工作使得获得大尺度、高分辨率的大气水汽稳定同位素观测数据成为可能，相关研究得到快速发展。本文在前人综述的基础上，对天基观测、地基观测和多平台融合观测项目及其数据信息进行对比介绍，并综述了近五年来基于大气水汽同位素观测在水汽同位素组成和变化、大气环流，水汽来源，生态系统和湖泊蒸散发，以及冰雪动态等方面的主要研究进展。可预见覆盖全球的高时间分辨率大气水汽稳定同位素数据将成为探究地球表层系统的有力工具。
Due to the fractionation effect of isotopes, the stable hydrogen and oxygen isotopes of atmospheric vapor contain important information of water cycle, and become an important tool for studying wa-ter movement at land-air, sea-air, and vegetation-atmosphere interfaces. Since the 21st century, in-frared spectroscopy technology for water isotope observation has developed rapidly, and Fourier Transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) and cavity enhanced near-infrared laser absorption spec-trometer (CES) have been widely used, which has promoted the gradual maturity of the observation technology, improved observation accuracy and enriched monitoring data. At present, based on in-frared spectroscopy technology, ground-based monitoring stations have been established to moni-tor water isotopes in atmospheric vapor, and monitoring networks such as NDACC, TCCON and SWVID have been formed. TES, SCIAMACHY, IASI, MIPAS, ACE and other observation projects carry FTIR on satellites to monitor water isotopes in the vapor of troposphere or stratosphere, and pro-vide the satellite observation data covering the whole world. In addition, there is the MUSICA pro-ject, which combines space-based and ground-based observations. The above work makes it possi-ble to obtain large scale and high resolution water isotope data in atmospheric vapor, and the re-lated research has developed rapidly. In this paper, on the basis of previous reviews, the space-based and ground-based observations and datasets are introduced and compared. Studies in the isotopic composition and variation of water vapor, the atmospheric circulation, the water vapor sources, evapotranspiration of ecological systems and lakes, and cryosphere dynamics based on the water isotope observation in atmospheric vapor in the past five years are reviewed. The global sta-ble isotopic data of atmospheric water vapor with high temporal resolution will be a powerful tool for exploring the earth surface system.
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