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人们何以能够“路见不平一声吼”？——基于道德视角下的义愤情绪
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Abstract:
愤怒情绪的表达在个体人际交往以及社会活动中都具有重要意义。相关道德模型研究已证明道德义愤的产生受多个因素影响，尤其是道德情绪，且大多是与教育学和伦理学、社会学结合，但这些研究对于道德义愤本身的心理学视角较少。“双系统”理论路径将道德义愤的产生过程划分为自上而下的“理性”和自下而上的“情绪”两个系统，本文从心理学视角讨论“义愤”在道德层面的地位，通过多个道德模型和相关系统理论集中厘清道德义愤背后的影响因素，包含客观刺激事件、第三方以及违规者等多个方面，对过程中各因素如何发挥作用进行了描述，并且第三方因素对亲社会行为的影响可能是关键。未来研究应在探讨道德义愤影响因素的同时着重关注宏观环境的影响。
The expression of anger is of great significance in individual interpersonal communication and social activities. Studies on related moral models have proved that the generation of moral out-rage is affected by many factors, especially moral emotions, and most of them are combined with pedagogy, ethics, and sociology. But these studies have little psychological perspective on moral indignation itself. The “dual-system” theoretical approach divides the process of moral indignation into two systems: top-down “rationality” and bottom-up “emotional”. This paper discussed the role of “outrage” in morality from a psychological perspective. Through multiple moral models and related system theories, the influencing factors behind moral outrage were clarified, including objective stimulus events, third parties, and violators. Future research should focus on the influence of the macro-environment while exploring the influencing factors of moral outrage.
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