不同因素对马尾松松针精油提取率的影响
Effects of Different Factors on the Extraction Rate of Essential Oil from Massoniana Pine Needles

马尾松是我国重要的造林树种，产量丰富。为优化马尾松松针精油提取工艺，本研究综合考察了样品处理方式、溶剂种类、溶剂浓度、超声处理时长、料液比和蒸馏时间对马尾松松针精油提取率的影响，结合响应面设计等方法，确定了马尾松松针精油提取的最佳条件。单因素试验确定最佳提取条件为：选择风干马尾松针作为提取原料、选择浓度为2%的MgS0₄溶液作为溶剂、超声处理时长为15 mins、料液比为1:5、蒸馏时间为4 h。通过响应面模拟，确定最佳工艺条件为：溶剂浓度6%、料液比1:5.8、蒸馏时间4.47小时。在该条件下得到的最优精油提取量为399.193 mg/g，优化后木质剩余物精油提取率提高了17.41%。本研究为进一步优化马尾松松针精油提取工艺提供了试验支持。
Pinus massoniana is an important afforestation tree species in China with abundant yield. In order to optimize the extraction process of pine needle essential oil from Pinus massoniana, this study comprehensively investigated the effects of sample treatment method, solvent type, solvent concentration, ultrasonic treatment time, solid-liquid ratio and distillation time on the extraction rate of pine needle essential oil from P. massoniana, combined with response surface design and other methods to determine the optimal conditions for the extraction of essential oil from P. massoniana needles. The optimal extraction conditions were determined by single factor experiment as follows: air-dried P. massoniana needles were selected as the extraction raw material, MgSO₄ solution with a concentration of 2% was selected as the solvent, the ultrasonic treatment time was 15 minutes, the material-liquid ratio was 1:5, and the distillation time was 4 hours. Through response surface simulation, the optimal process conditions were determined as follows: solvent concentration 6%, solid-liquid ratio 1:5.8, distillation time 4.47 hours. Under these conditions, the optimal extraction amount of essential oil was 399.193 mg/g, and the extraction rate of essential oil from wood residues increased by 17.41% after optimization. This study provides experimental support for further optimizing the extraction process of pine needle essential oil from P. massoniana.