青铜峡库区湿地自然保护区大天鹅越冬栖息地生境选择
Habitat Selection for the Overwintering of Whooper Swan in Qingtongxia Reservoir Wetland Nature Reserve

观察统计了大天鹅种群数量及分布情况。在主要越冬栖息地调查了人为干扰距离、水体理化性质、植被密度及高度等生境因子，对生境选择进行了研究。结果表明，大天鹅主要有四处越冬栖息地，分别是中心湖、洪闸湖、红崖沟和硝磺岛，其中红崖沟和硝磺岛是大天鹅越冬期觅食地，水域为有流动的活水区域，通常为流速慢、干扰少的浅水生境；中心湖和洪闸湖是大天鹅的夜栖地，则为水质好、干扰少、植被高且密度大的生境；在不同的越冬时期，大天鹅对栖息地的选择也有所不同。这种生境选择机制有利于大天鹅寻找食物、躲避敌害，从而安全越冬。
From December 2021 to February 2022, the population of overwintering whooper swans and their habitat selections in Qingtongxia Reservoir Wetland Nature Reserve, were researched. Through monitoring records and observation in sampling sites, we counted whooper swans’ population numbers and distributions. We studied habitat selections by investigating the distance from disturbance, physical and chemical properties of water body, and vegetation density and height in major wintering habitats. We found there were four major wintering habitats of whooper swans. They were Central Lake, Hongzha Lake, Hongya Ravine and Xiaohuang Island. Among them, Hongya Ravine and Xiaohuang Island were foraging sites, where the water was flowing. They were both shallow water areas with slow water flow and rare disturbance. Central Lake and Hongzha Lake were roosting sites of whooper swans, which were areas with good water quality, rare disturbance, as well as high and dense vegetation. During different overwintering times, whooper swans tended to select different habitats. The selection mechanisms were advantageous to whooper swans finding food and avoiding predators, so that they can overwinter safely.