基于批判性思维培养的大学课程结构的通专融合研究 Research on the Integration of General and Professional Education in University Curriculum Structure under the Cultivation of Critical Thinking
文章阐述了批判性思维的内涵、阶段性发展规律及批判性思维培养对课程结构的要求。批判性思维由品质与能力两个维度组成，其培养需要通专融合的课程结构的宏观支撑。从批判性思维培养要求出发，分析得出批判性思维培养对课程结构通专融合的要求包括：培养目标上应关注批判性思维；通识课程和专业课程内容设置应各有侧重，通识课程偏重品质维度的培养而专业课程偏重能力维度的培养；通识课程和专业课程时空排列应顺应批判性思维阶段性发展规律，大学初期以通识课程为主，后期以专业课程为主。通识课程与专业课程围绕批判性思维培养的目标，各有侧重、梯度衔接、分布协调，从而有利于构建通专融合的大学课程结构。
The paper expounds the connotation of critical thinking, the periodic development law and the re-quirements for the curriculum structure of critical thinking training. Critical thinking consists of two dimensions, quality and ability, and its cultivation requires the macro support of a curriculum structure that integrates general and specialization. Starting from the theory of critical thinking, it is concluded that the requirements of the training of critical thinking for the integration of curriculum structure and specialization include: the training objectives should focus on critical thinking; the content setting of general education courses and professional courses should have their own emphasis, and general education courses should be emphasized. The cultivation of the quality dimension should focus on the cultivation of the ability dimension; the temporal and spatial arrangement of general courses and professional courses should conform to the periodic development law of critical thinking. Focusing on the goal of cultivating critical thinking, general education courses and professional courses have their own emphasis, gradient connection, and distribution coordination, which is conducive to the construction of a curriculum structure that integrates general education and specialization.
