论《乌托邦彼岸》对俄国知识分子的讽刺——汤姆？斯托帕德政治观的历史再现
On the Satire of Russian Intellectuals in The Coast of Utopia—Historical Representation of Tom Stoppard’s Political View

《乌托邦彼岸》是汤姆？斯托帕德创作的一部俄国历史剧，讲述了十九世纪俄国知识分子反抗沙皇独裁、推翻封建农奴制的过程。剧中包含了激进与非暴力革命之间的冲突，但斯托帕德并未明确表达自己对这些冲突的历史态度和政治立场。本文以讽刺和嘲弄的角色塑造手法作为切入点，分析了斯托帕德对剧中两大主角巴枯宁和赫尔岑的态度，发现他对巴枯宁及其暴力革命是赤裸裸的讽刺，而对赫尔岑及其非暴力革命是较为中立的嘲弄态度。通过对两种斗争形式的不同处理方式，能够较为明显地看出剧作者反对暴力革命的历史态度，并映射其对于当今英国社会的政治意图——通过非暴力的反战方式促进社会进步。
The Coast of Utopia is a Russian historical play written by Tom Stoppard. It narrates the story that the Russian intellectuals in 19th century fought against the dictatorship of tsars and overthrew the feudal serfdom. This play is full of conflicts between radical and non-violent revolution, but Stoppard does not express his historical attitude and political position about these conflicts. Based on satire and irony, which are different role building techniques in this play, this article analyzes Stoppard’s attitude towards Bakunin and Herzen, and finds that his attitude to Bakunin and his violent revolution is obvious satire, while to Herzen and his non-violent revolution is obscure irony. By analyzing the different attitudes towards the two forms of struggle, the historical attitude of Stoppard is obvious, i.e., opposing violent revolution. Also, his political intention for today’s society can be projected, i.e., promoting social progress through non-violent methods.