道德上的精神分裂症——基于动物权利视角解读《白牙》
Moral Schizophrenia—An Interpretation to White Fang Based on Animal Rights Theory

杰克？伦敦于1906年创作的中篇小说《白牙》体现出超前的动物保护意识：伦敦对主角的选择不再局限于人类；他笔下的动物经过细致入微的描写，展现出了顽强的生命力和惊人的智慧。文章的字里行间流露出伦敦对于动物学习能力、情感、主体性的崇敬，对人与动物和谐相处的期待与憧憬。但深究后不难发现，《白牙》中人类中心主义的思想随处可见——“物种歧视”仍然存在。本文以《白牙》为研究对象，探讨伦敦潜意识中的人类中心主义倾向，敦促读者对人与动物的关系进行反思。看来只有每个人心中博爱、平等、开放、包容意识的觉醒，动物权利才有可能得到保证、人与动物和谐共存的美好愿景才有可能实现。我们任重道远。
White Fang, a novella completed by Jack London in 1906, demonstrates London’s consciousness of protecting animal welfare ahead of his time: his selection of protagonists is no longer confined to “human sphere”, and the animals he portrayed are tenaciously vital and surprisingly wise. When reading between the lines, we can be sure that he admires animals’ extraordinary ability to learn, their affection and subjectivity. Meanwhile, he looks forward to establishing the harmonious relationship with them. However, after reading critically, it’s not hard to discover that Anthropocentrism emerges everywhere in White Fang—“speciesism” still exists. This essay will take White Fang as the research target, aiming at discussing London’s unconscious admiration and endorsement of Anthropocentrism, and accordingly urge readers to reflect upon the relationship between human-beings and animals. Only if the awareness of universal love, equal consideration, open-mindedness and tolerance is awakened in humans’ mind, animal rights can be guaranteed and the harmonious coexistence between humans and animals be constructed. There remains a long way to go.