Introduction: Metabolic neonatal adaptation is a complex phenomenon and metabolic
disorders can be frequent in immature newborns or in life-threatening
situations. In Low and Middle income countries (LMIC) the difficult access to some diagnostic tests makes the management of
the metabolic emergencies challenging. The main objectives of this study
were to assess the frequency and circumstances of occurrence and to describe
the clinical picture associated with glucose, sodium and potassium disorders in
neonates. Patients and Methods: Our study was a retrospective and
descriptive study conducted in the neonatology unit of National Children
Hospital Albert Royer in Dakar (Senegal) from January 1 to December 31, 2014. Results: The prevalence of the studied metabolic disorders was 46.7%. The most common metabolic
disorder noted was Hyperglycemia followed by Hyponatremia. Thermoregulation
disturbances were found particularly in newborns with serum sodium disorders (hyponatremia
33.5% and hypernatremia 59.7%). Neurological signs were noted in case of blood
sugar abnormalities (hypoglycemia 26.1% and hyperglycemia 29.8%). Half of the
newborns with hyperglycemia (82 cases/50%) had blood sugar levels greater than
or equal to 2g/l. Hypernatremia was severe (Serum sodium> 180 mmol/l) in 12
neonates (16.7%). The main diagnoses retained were sepsis (159 cases/45.4%),
prematurity (96 cases/27.4%), intrauterine growth retardation (66 cases/18.9%),
malformations (63 cases/18%), perinatal asphyxia (44 cases/12.6%)
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