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面向可持续食物系统的供应链治理经验与启示——以国际咖啡认证体系为例
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Abstract:
以“多目标准则体系”为核心的供应链治理能够带来系统性变化，助推农业食物系统向可持续发展方向转型。在当前食物系统面临多重挑战的背景下，及时总结相关经验对于实现2030年可持续发展目标具有重要现实意义。为此，本文以国际咖啡认证体系为例，基于联合国粮农组织数据分析了咖啡供应链的网络特征及其社会经济与环境问题，发现2019年全球咖啡生豆贸易网络属于无标度网络，具有突出的异质性、不均衡性和产销分离特征，并曾面临不公平贸易、盲目扩大种植面积导致森林砍伐等问题。基于此，文章引出并重点介绍了公平贸易认证、4C认证和UTZ认证等国际上应对咖啡供应链问题的认证体系与相关实践经验。最后总结国际咖啡认证对中国建设可持续食物系统的启示，认为中国应当加强对现有认证体系的有效性监督，鼓励有条件的区域探索建立农产品环境标签制度，以及广泛开展食物–健康–环境教育，以实现更加有效的食物供应链治理。
Supply chain governance with a “multi-objective criteria system” as its core can bring about systemic change and facilitate the transformation of agri-food systems towards sustainable development. In the context of the multiple challenges facing the food system, it is of great practical significance to summarize relevant experiences in a timely manner in order to achieve the 2030 sustainable development goals. In this paper, the network characteristics of coffee supply chain and its social, economic and environmental problems are analyzed based on Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations data. Taking the international coffee certification system as an example, it is found that the 2019 global trade network of green coffee beans belongs to the scale-free network, which is characterized by heterogeneity, imbalance and separation of production and marketing, and has faced problems such as unfair trade, blindly expanding planting area and leading to deforestation. In this paper, fair trade certification, 4C certification, UTZ certification and other international certification systems for coffee supply chain issues and related practical experience are introduced. Finally, it concludes that China should strengthen the monitoring of the effectiveness of the current certification system and encourage regions where conditions permit to explore the establishment of an environmental labelling system for agricultural products, and extensive food-health-environment education to achieve more effective food supply chain governance.
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