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坝堤瞬间溃决洪水过程研究
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Abstract:
坝堤溃决形成的洪水，流量大、传播速度快，其破坏性极大。本文建立了坝堤瞬间溃决与河道洪水波演进耦合的数学模型，并以泉河流域红岩一级水电站为对象，研究分析了红岩一级发生溃坝事故后的溃口洪水过程及其洪水波演进过程，预测溃决后对下游河道造成的洪水影响。结果显示，2号断面流量和红岩一级的出库流量在同一时刻达到峰值，红岩一级出库流量峰值为17,817 m3/s，2号断面的峰值流量为15,281 m3/s；经过28分钟，洪峰到达大峡水库，洪峰流量为10,190 m3/s。该模型可以较好地预测溃坝过程及下游河道洪水波演进过程，模型计算速度较快，满足应急过程中的洪水演进计算快速、高效、实时的要求。
The flood formed by dam break has large flow and fast propagation speed, and it is very destructive. In this paper, the mathematical model of the coupling between the instantaneous dam break and the flood wave evolution of the river channel is established. Taking the Hongyan First-Level Hydropower Station in the Quanhe River basin as an example, the flood process of the breach and the flood wave evolution after the dam break accident are studied and analyzed, and the flood control effect on the downstream river channel after the dam break is predicted. The results show that the flow rate of No. 2 section and the flow rate of Hongyan first level reach the peak at the same time, the peak flow rate of Hongyan first level is 17,817 m3/s, and the peak flow rate of No. 2 section is 15,281 m3/s. After 28 minutes, the flood peak reaches the Daxia Reservoir, and the peak flow is 10,190 m3/s. The model can better predict the dam-break process and the downstream river flood wave evolution process, and has a fast calculation speed and meets the requirements of fast, efficient and real-time flood evolution in the emergency process.
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