五轴数控机床的两轴联动加工轮廓轨迹精度分析
Precision Analysis of Contour Trajectory in Two-Axis linkage Machining of Five-Axis CNC Machine Tool

为更好分析五轴机床的轮廓轨迹精度，利用两轴联动加工轨迹展开一系列工作。基于多体系统理论建立五轴立式加工中心的运动学正逆数学模型，实现了刀位轨迹位姿与机床机械坐标的相互转化。根据动力学建模理论建立了五轴数控机床各轴的进给伺服系统数学模型，并基于Matlab/Simulink建立了进给伺服系统的参数化仿真模型。研究了两轴联动进行直线轨迹和圆轨迹的轮廓轨迹误差计算方法，分别对两平动轴、平动轴与旋转轴联动进行空间圆轨迹的仿真和实际机床运动，结果表明仿真模型的跟随误差和轮廓轨迹误差与实际基本一致，可以用于轮廓轨迹误差的计算和预测，可以为五轴机床轮廓加工误差的研究提供理论与实验依据。
In order to better analyze the accuracy of five-axis contour trajectory, a series of work is carried out by using two-axis linkage machining trajectory. Based on the multi-body system theories, the forward and inverse mathematical model of kinematics of five-axis vertical machining center was established, and the transformation of tool trajectory position, orientation and machine tool mechanical coordinate was realized. The mathematical model of feed-servo systems of five-axis CNC machine tool was established according to the dynamic modeling theory, and the parametric simulation model of feed-servo systems was established based on Matlab/Simulink. The article studied the two axes linkage line trajectory and circular trajectory error calculation method. Two translational axes and the linkage of translational axis and rotation axis were respectively simulated and the actual machine tool movement was carried out. The results show that the following error and contour trajectory error of the simulation model are basically consistent with the actual. It can be used to contour trajectory error calculation and prediction, and can provide theoretical and experimental basis for the research of contour machining error of five-axis machine tools.