新疆北部典型水库为工农业及重要城市供水，为研究水库水质营养化状态，保障供水安全，于2020~2021年分四个季度监测水质指标：溶解氧、不同形态氮素、总磷、高锰酸盐指数和总有机碳。分析了各项指标的时空分布特征及主要影响因素，按地表水环境质量标准进行单指标评价。底层水的溶解氧在8月未达标，总氮在停水期超标，无机氮均未超标。总磷在11月超标。总磷、高锰酸盐指数和总有机碳在水库进水口较出水口高，夏季水中植物吸收氮磷、从水库捕捞鱼类、消化及反硝化作用等多种因素，使得水库有一定的自净作用。评价了水库水质的营养状态为中营养，分析水库营养化的内源污染影响因素为水库淹没的植被、鱼残体及排泄物的腐败分解，并提出治理建议，本研究为保障水库水环境安全提供科学依据。
Typical reservoirs in Northern Xinjiang supply water for industry, agriculture and important cities. To study the eutrophication state of reservoir water quality to ensure the safety of water supply, water quality indicators: dissolved oxygen, different forms of nitrogen, total phosphorus, permanganate index and total organic carbon will be monitored in four quarters from 2020 to 2021. The temporal and spatial distribution characteristics and main influencing factors of each index are analyzed, and the single index evaluation is carried out according to the surface water environmental quality standard. The dissolved oxygen in the bottom water did not meet the standard in August, the total nitrogen exceeded the standard during the water cut-off period, and the inorganic nitrogen did not exceed the standard. Total phosphorus exceeded the standard in November. Total phosphorus, permanganate index and total organic carbon are higher at the water inlet than at the water outlet of the reservoir. In summer, plants absorb nitrogen and phosphorus, catch fish from the reservoir, digestion and denitrification and other factors make the reservoir have a certain self purification effect. It is evaluated that the nutritional state of the reservoir water quality is mesotrophic, the influencing factors of the internal pollution of the reservoir eutrophication are the corruption and decomposition of the submerged vegetation, fish residues and excreta of the reservoir, and the treatment suggestions are put forward. This study provides a scientific basis for ensuring the safety of the reservoir water environment.
