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中国跨性别者非自杀倾向自残行为研究——流行率和风险因素的横断研究
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Abstract:
背景：非自杀倾向自残行为(NSSI)是影响跨性别群体心理以及生理健康的主要问题，目前对于中国跨性别群体的研究十分有限，对该群体出现的心理健康问题的研究也很有限。目的：本研究调查中国跨性别人群中NSSI的流行率和风险因素。方法：被试包括703名18~51岁的中国跨性别人群(M = 27.2, SD = 6.57)，通过在线问卷完成调查。所有被试被要求对身体意象量表、罗森伯格自尊量表、跨性别社会歧视量表、内化恐跨量表、抑郁焦虑压力量表-21、跨性别社区归属感量表和NSSI相关问题进行了回答。结果：结果表明，63%的被试报告NSSI经历，且NSSI在跨性别女性中更为普遍，比起男性，她们的焦虑水平较高，身体满意度、社区归属感和自尊水平较低。有NSSI经历的被试报告的心理症状明显增多，他们还感知到更高水平的社会歧视和内在的恐跨症，以及更低水平的身体满意度、自尊和社群归属感。同时，较低的身体满意度和心理健康问题显著地预测了跨性别者的NSSI行为。结论：研究结果证实，NSSI在中国跨性别群体中普遍存在，并且研究表明降低NSSI可以通过改善其心理健康问题和提高身体接受度来实现。同时，社会应采取相应措施消除社会歧视，增强跨性别人群自尊，并缓解他们自身的内化恐跨感受。
Background: Non-Suicidal Self-Injury (NSSI) is a major mental and physical health concern for the transgender population, and studies on transgender in China are limited. Aim: This study investigated the prevalence and risk factors of NSSI in the Chinese transgender population. Methods: The participants included 703 self-reported Chinese transgender individuals aged 18~51 (M = 27.2, SD = 6.57), who completed an online survey. All participants responded to the Body Image Scale, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Transgender Social Discrimination Scale, Internalized Transphobia Scale, Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21, Transgender Community Belongingness Scale, and NSSI-related questions. Results: The results demonstrated that 63% of participants had a history of NSSI, and it was more prevalent among trans women, who also reported higher levels of anxiety and lower levels of body satisfaction, community belongingness, and self-esteem. Participants with a history of NSSI reported significantly more psychological symptoms. They also perceived higher levels of social discrimination and internalized transphobia and lower levels of body satisfaction, self-esteem, and community belongingness. Lower levels of body satisfaction and more psychological symptoms statistically predicted NSSI history. Conclusion: The findings confirm that NSSI is prevalent in the Chinese transgender population, indicating the need to eliminate social discrimination, enhance self-esteem, and alleviate internalized transphobia with interventions aimed at improving mental health and body acceptance.
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