Background:Pulmonary vein isolation by means of cryoballoon is a well-established way of treatment of atrial fibrillation. The aim of the study was to compare the acute cryoballoon biophysical parameters attained during energy？applications to the individual pulmonary vein during sinus rhythm versus？atrial fibrillation. Methods: 100 Patients who underwent their first-time PVI using second-generation cryoballoon for symptomatic and drug-refractory AF, between the beginning of March to end of August 2016, were initially screened.？61 patients with paroxysmal AF were included in the present study. 39 patients with persistent AF were excluded. No pre-procedural anatomical imaging was？reported. Results: A total of 61 patients (male 80%, age 59.3± 13.4 years)？were included in the present analysis. A total of 243 pulmonary veins were isolated with an average of 1.87± 1.14 cryo
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