东北不同天然分布区黄檗群落植物多样性分析
Analysis on Plant Diversity of Natural Phellodendron amurense Community in Northeast China

植物多样性是维持生态系统平衡的重要条件，也是人类生存的基础保障。黄檗是东北天然红松林中重要的伴生树种，因其经济价值较高，导致野外资源破坏严重。本文按照纬度梯度选取东北天然林中黄檗资源分布的9个地点：黑河、鹤岗、虎林、苇河、安图、大兴沟、露水河、凤城和新宾。对9个研究地点进行样地设置，对样地中的植物进行调查，记录每个样地各种植物名称和株数，计算Margalef物种丰富度指数(R)、Simpson指数(D)、Shannon-Wiener指数(H)及Pielou均匀度指数(E)。结果显示，9块样地黄檗群落共有植物312种，分别隶属于68科183属。物种丰富度最高的为露水河，最低的为黑河；Simpson指数和Shannon-Wiener指数最高的为苇河，最低的为虎林；Pielou指数最高的为苇河，最低的为新宾。不同生长型植物的物种丰富度指数(R)、Simpson指数(D)和Shannon-Wiener指数(H)为：草本层 > 灌木层 > 乔木层，Pielou均匀度指数(E)为：乔木层 > 灌木层 > 草本层。其中，苇河、安图、凤城和新宾样地内植物群落结构较相似。本研究结果对东北地区黄檗资源野外培育及物种配置具有参考价值。
Plant diversity is an important condition for maintaining the balance of the ecosystem and the basic guarantee for human survival. Phellodendron amurense is an important associated tree species in the natural Korean pine forest in Northeast China. Because of its high economic value, it has caused serious damage to the wild resources. According to the latitude gradient, this paper selects 9 locations where P. amurense resource is distributed in the natural forests of Northeast China: Heihe, Hegang, Hulin, Weihe, Antu, Daxinggou, Lushuihe, Fengcheng and Xinbin. The sample plots were set up in 9 research sites, investigate the plants in the sample plots, record the names and plant numbers of various plants in each plot, and calculate the Margalef species richness index (R), Simpson index (D), Shannon-Wiener Index (H) and Pielou evenness index (E). The results showed that there were 312 species of plants in the P. amurense community in 9 plots, belonging to 68 families and 183 genera. The highest species richness is Lushui River and the lowest is Heihe; the highest Simp-son index and Shannon-Wiener index is Weihe, and the lowest is Hulin; the highest Pielou index is Weihe, and the lowest is Xinbin. The species richness index (R), Simpson index (D) and Shan-non-Wiener index (H) of different growth types is: herb layer > shrub layer > arbor layer, Pielou evenness index (E) is: tree layer > shrub layer > herb layer. Among them, the structures of plant communities in Weihe, Antu, Fengcheng and Xinbin are similar. The results of this study have reference value for the field cultivation and species allocation of P. amurense resources in Northeast China.