海权意识的兴起与英国近代经济政策的转型——从重商主义到自由贸易政策
The Rise of Maritime Power Consciousness and the Transformation of Modern British Economic Policy: From Mercantilism to Free Trade Policy

英国在经历了17世纪的革命以及一系列对外战争之后，在军事、政治制度、社会环境和社会生产力等诸多方面为英国的发展奠定了坚实的基础。进而在18、19世纪开始了在全球范围内的殖民贸易扩张，最终在19世纪建立了一个在军事、经济和国际影响力等诸多方面遥遥领先于当时世界诸国的全球性的商业殖民帝国。在此期间，伴随着英国对海洋意识的兴起与发展，英国对海洋的重视程度不断提升，海外殖民扩张、海外贸易扩张运动日益兴盛，经济政策原则逐渐由重商主义转变为自由贸易主义，英国的海权意识在此背景下也产生并不断发展。文章意在探讨英国贸易政策转型与其海权意识兴起并不断发展过程之间的内在联系。
After the revolution and a series of foreign wars in the 17th century, Britain laid a solid foundation for its development in terms of military, political system, social environment and social productivity. In the 18th and 19th centuries, Britain began to expand its global colonial trade, and eventually established a global commercial and colonial empire in the 19th century, which was far ahead of all other countries in the world in terms of military, economic and international influence. During this period, along with the rise and development of British maritime consciousness, Britain’s attention to the sea increased, overseas colonial expansion and overseas trade expansion movements became increasingly prosperous, and the principles of economic policy gradually changed from mercantilism to free trade, and British maritime power consciousness also emerged and developed in this context. The purpose of this paper is to explore the inner connection between the transformation of British trade policy and the process of the emergence and continuous development of British maritime power consciousness.