湖泊生态系统健康评价综述
The Review of Health Assessment of Lake Aquatic Ecosystem

当今世界的主要国际问题之一是水，湖泊是地球上不可或缺的生态系统之一，其健康程度牵动着各国学者们的思绪，学者们为了修复因为人类活动而逐渐退化的湖泊生态系统，对湖泊生态系统进行健康评价，希望可以科学地找到湖泊结构功能退化的原因，找到加快恢复湖泊水生态系统的方法。起初，指标体系法和指示物种法被广泛运用于湖泊水生态系统，随后，一些学者根据自己的研究并结合数学模型提出了新方法。一般来说，评价过程中采集的样品都只是当时的状态，难以反映水生态环境一段时间的持续变化，而且，水生态的系统又极易受到扰动，一旦系统受到扰动而出错，其修复时间周期相当长，有的破坏甚至导致无法恢复如初，故亟需一种技术可以不断反映水生生态系统健康状况。文章在前人研究成果的基础上进行综述，并提出了未来的发展前景。
One of the major international problems in today’s world is water. Lakes are one of the indispensable ecosystems on the earth. Their health affects the thoughts of scholars all over the world. In order to repair the lake ecosystem gradually degraded due to human activities, scholars conduct health evaluation on the lake ecosystem, hoping to scientifically find the reasons for the degradation of lake structure and function and find ways to accelerate the restoration of lake water ecosystem. At first, index system method and indicator species method were widely used in lake water ecosystem. Then, some scholars put forward new methods according to their own research and mathematical models. Generally speaking, the samples collected in the evaluation process are only the current state, which is difficult to reflect the continuous change of the water ecological environment for a period of time. Moreover, the water ecological system is very vulnerable to disturbance. Once the system is disturbed and makes mistakes, the repair time cycle is quite long, and some damage even leads to failure to recover. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a technology to continuously reflect the health status of aquatic ecosystem. This paper summarizes the previous research results, and puts forward the future development prospects.