基于航测技术的水边线精确提取方法研究
Accurate Water Edge Line Extraction Method Based on Aerial Survey Technology

水边线的精确提取可真实、准确地反映河岸形态，是河道测量重要的组成部分。目前，河道测量中常规的水边线提取方法主要采用测船顶坡定位或人工肩负GNSS以点形式施测。传统方法的缺点在于：1) 部分水边线受崩岸、浅水淤泥滩、芦苇、陡坡地形等影响，存在测点难以到达、通视条件差、信号屏蔽及安全风险等问题，导致施测困难，直接影响到地形测量的精度和时效性；2) 以点形式采集的测点无法真实反映河道水边界的实际形状。本文将无人机航测技术应用到水边线的精确获取，并对不同边界条件下的数据与传统技术数据进行对比分析，所得结论可为该方法的推广提供参考。
The accurate extraction of water edge line can truly reflect the river bank shape, which is an important part of river survey. At present river survey, the conventional water edge extraction methods mainly use the top slope position of the measuring ship or manual GNSS to measure in the form of points. The disadvantages of methods are: 1) Some water surface boundaries (e.g., bank collapse, shallow water silt beach, reed, steep slope terrain, etc.) have problems (e.g., difficult access to measuring points, poor intervisibility conditions, serious occlusion of line of sight, signal shielding and safety risks) and difficult measurement, which directly affects the accuracy and time efficiency of topographic survey; 2) The measuring points collected in the form of points cannot truly reflect the actual shape of the water surface boundary. In this paper, UAV aerial survey technology is applied to the accurate acquisition of water edge, and the data under different boundary conditions are compared with the traditional technical data, which provides some references in the application.