|
|
干扰抑制对前瞻记忆影响的认知机制
|
Abstract:
本文设计前瞻记忆新范式计数干扰任务，选取大学生和初中生为被试，探究干扰抑制对前瞻记忆的作用机制以及年龄因素的影响。结果发现，提高干扰抑制负荷后，大学生组的前瞻记忆成绩仅在中断模式下显著降低，初中生组在中断和非中断模式下均有明显下降，这说明中断模式下干扰抑制更多参与了前瞻记忆的认知加工，且这种作用机制受到了年龄因素的影响。
To explore the mechanism of interference control on prospective memory and the influence of age factor, the study designed the counting interference task as a new paradigm for prospective memory and selected college students and junior high school students as subjects. Results showed that after improving the interference control load, the prospective memory performance of college students was significantly reduced only in interruption mode, and junior high school students’ performance was significantly reduced in both interruption and non-interruption modes. This showed that interference control in interruption mode was more involved in the cognitive processing of prospective memory, which was influenced by age.
| [1] | 毕蓉, 郑小阳, 孙猛, 魏萍, 王岩(2019). 绝对重要性和认知负荷影响基于事件的前瞻记忆. 心理科学, 42(1), 29-35. |
| [2] | 陈幼贞, 辛聪, 胡锦慧(2021). 认知负荷与编码方式对前瞻记忆及其成分的影响. 心理科学, 44(3), 545-551. |
| [3] | 姬鸣, 陈星星, 周晨琛, 苟明霞(2016). 飞行员前瞻记忆失误的研究现状及展望. 交通信息与安全, 34(4), 6-14. |
| [4] | 王丽娟(2006). 前瞻记忆的加工机制及其影响因素: 发展的视角. 博士学位论文, 上海: 华东师范大学. |
| [5] | 辛聪, 张曼曼, 郭盈秀, 陈幼贞(2019). 前瞻记忆意向后效应的年龄差异. 心理科学, 42(3), 529-535. |
| [6] | Altgassen, M., Koch, A., & Kliegel, M. (2014). Do Inhibitory Control Demands Affect Event-Based Prospective Memory Performance in ADHD? Journal of Attention Disorders, 23, 51-56. https://doi.org/10.1177/1087054713518236 |
| [7] | Bisiacchi, P. S., Schiff, S., Ciccola, A., & Kliegel, M. (2009). The Role of Dual-Task and Task-Switch in Prospective Memory: Behavioural Data and Neural Correlates. Neuropsychologia, 47, 1362-1373.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2009.01.034 |
| [8] | Braver, T. S. (2012). The Variable Nature of Cognitive Control: A Dual Mechanisms Framework. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 16, 106-113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2011.12.010 |
| [9] | Bugg, J. M., Scullin, M. K., & Rauvola, R. S. (2016). Forgetting No-Longer-Relevant Prospective Memory Intentions Is (Sometimes) Harder with Age but Easier with Forgetting Practice. Psychology and Aging, 31, 358-369.
https://doi.org/10.1037/pag0000087 |
| [10] | Chen, Y. Z., Lian, R., Yang, L. X., Liu, J. R., & Meng, Y. F. (2017). Working Memory Load and Reminder Effect on Event-Based Prospective Memory of High- and Low-Achieving Students in Math. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 50, 602-608. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022219416668322 |
| [11] | Cockburn, J. (1995). Task Interruption in Prospective Memory: A Frontal Lobe Function. Cortex, 31, 87-97.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0010-9452(13)80107-4 |
| [12] | Dempster, F. N. (1992). The Rise and Fall of the Inhibitory Mechanism: Toward a Unified Theory of Cognitive Development and Aging. Developmental Review, 12, 45-75. https://doi.org/10.1016/0273-2297(92)90003-K |
| [13] | Diamond, A. (2013). Executive Functions. Annual Review of Psychology, 64, 135-168.
https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-113011-143750 |
| [14] | Han, P.-G., Han, L., Bian, Y.-L., Tian, Y., Xu, M.-X., & Gao, F.-Q. (2017). Influence of Ongoing Task Difficulty and Motivation Level on Children’s Prospective Memory in a Chinese Sample. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, 89.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00089 |
| [15] | Holbrook, J., & Dismukes, K. (2009). Prospective Memory in Everyday Tasks. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, 53, 590-594. https://doi.org/10.1177/154193120905301002 |
| [16] | Kazi, S. (2013). Using Interruptions to Study Associations in Prospective Memory. Master’s Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology. (Unpublished) |
| [17] | Kliegel, M., Mackinlay, R., & J？ger, T. (2008). Complex Prospective Memory: Development across the Lifespan and the Role of Task Interruption. Developmental Psychology, 44, 612-617. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.44.2.612 |
| [18] | Kvavilashvili, L., & Ellis, J. (1996). Varieties of Intention: Some Distinctions and Classifications. In M. Brandimonte, G. O. Einstein, & M. A. McDaniel (Eds.), Prospective Memory: Theory and Applications (pp. 23-51). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers. |
| [19] | Kvavilashvili, L., Messer, D. J., & Ebdon, P. (2001). Prospective Memory in Children: The Effects of Age and Task Interruption. Developmental Psychology, 37, 418-430. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.37.3.418 |
| [20] | Mahy, C., & Moses, L. J. (2011). Executive Functioning and Prospective Memory in Young Children. Cognitive Development, 26, 269-281. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogdev.2011.06.002 |
| [21] | Mahy, C., Moses, L. J., & Kliegel, M. (2014a). The Development of Prospective Memory in Children: An Executive Framework. Developmental Review, 34, 305-326. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dr.2014.08.001 |
| [22] | Mahy, C., Moses, L. J., & Kliegel, M. (2014b). The Impact of Age, Ongoing Task Difficulty, and Cue Salience on Preschoolers’ Prospective Memory Performance: The Role of Executive Function. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 127, 52-64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2014.01.006 |
| [23] | Mcdaniel, M. A., & Einstein, G. O. (2000). Strategic and Automatic Processes in Prospective Memory Retrieval: A Multiprocess Framework. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 14, S127-S144. https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.775 |
| [24] | Schnitzspahn, K. M., Stahl, C., Zeintl, M., Kaller, C. P., & Kliegel, M. (2013). The Role of Shifting, Updating, and Inhibition in Prospective Memory Performance in Young and Older Adults. Developmental Psychology, 49, 1544-1553.
https://doi.org/10.1037/a0030579 |
| [25] | Shum, D. H. K., Cahill, A., Hohaus, L. C., O’Gorman, J. G., & Chan, R. C. K. (2013). Effects of Aging, Planning, and Interruption on Complex Prospective Memory. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 23, 45-63.
https://doi.org/10.1080/09602011.2012.716761 |
| [26] | ？lusarczyk, E., & Nied？wieńska, A. (2013). A Naturalistic Study of Prospective Memory in Preschoolers: The Role of Task Interruption and Motivation. Cognitive Development, 28, 179-192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogdev.2012.10.004 |
| [27] | Smith, R. E., & Bayen, U. J. (2006). The Source of Adult Age Differences in Event-Based Prospective Memory: A Multinomial Modeling Approach. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 32, 623-635.
https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.32.3.623 |
| [28] | Spiess, M. A., Meier, B., & Roebers, C. M. (2015). Prospective Memory, Executive Functions, and Metacognition Are Already Differentiated in Young Elementary School Children: Evidence from Latent Factor Modeling. Swiss Journal of Psychology, 74, 229-241. https://doi.org/10.1024/1421-0185/a000165 |
| [29] | Wang, L., Kliegel, M., Liu, W., & Yang, Z. (2008). Prospective Memory Performance in Preschoolers: Inhibitory Control Matters. European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 5, 289-302. https://doi.org/10.1080/17405620600778161 |
| [30] | Zuber, S., Kliegel, M., & Ihle, A. (2016). An Individual Difference Perspective on Focal versus Nonfocal Prospective Memory. Memory & Cognition, 44, 1192-1203. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13421-016-0628-5 |
