原发性肝癌的肝外转移临床特点及危险因素
Clinical Features and Risk Factors of Extrahepatic Metastases from Primary Liver Cancer

原发性肝癌是一种临床极为常见的恶性肿瘤，因无特异性症状，早期诊断十分困难。大部分患者在初次确诊时疾病已进展至中晚期，预后欠佳。原发性肝癌出现肝外转移是导致患者预后欠佳的重要因素。在早期原发性肝癌肝外转移的研究中，文献数据来源多基于案例报道及尸检报告。在21世纪初期，有了小样本量的原发性肝癌肝外转移危险因素研究。近年来，已有大量文献报道MVI、sERBB3、miR-214、IL-8等可以预测原发性肝癌肝外转移的风险，但少有基于临床可获得的常规数据来预测原发性肝癌肝外转移的危险因素。本文旨在回顾原发性肝癌肝外转移相关文献，对原发性肝癌肝外转移临床特点及危险因素进行总结。
Primary hepatocellular carcinoma is an extremely common malignant tumour in clinical practice. As there are no specific symptoms, early diagnosis is very difficult, and most patients have progressed to the middle and late stages of the disease by the time they are first diagnosed, with a poor prognosis. The presence of extrahepatic metastases in primary liver cancer is an important factor contributing to the poor prognosis of patients. In the study of extrahepatic metastases in early primary liver cancer, the literature is based on case reports and autopsy reports. In the early 21st century, small sample sizes of risk factors for extrahepatic metastases from primary liver cancer have been studied. In recent years, there has been a large body of literature reporting that MVI, sERBB3, miR-214 and IL-8 can predict the risk of extrahepatic metastasis of primary liver cancer, but few risk factors for extrahepatic metastasis of primary liver cancer have been predicted based on clinically available routine data. The aim of this paper is to review the literature related to extrahepatic metastasis of primary liver cancer and to summarize the clinical characteristics and risk factors of extrahepatic metastasis of primary liver cancer.