基于航空器空中报告的风切变事件统计分析
Statistical Analysis of Wind Shear Events Based on Aircraft Reports

话音方式航空器空中报告作为飞行员直接报告的观测资料，可靠性强，本文统计了2010年11月11日~2020年9月1日全国范围内的风切变航空器空中报告，分析了风切变的成因类型及不同类型风切变的年分布及空间分布。分析表明：低空风切变发生次数较多，中高空风切变多发生于高原机场附近。对流天气类型风切变在夏季出现最多，锋面或地面气旋类型风切变春季发生最多，逆温、急流或高空风动量下传类型风切变冬季出现最多。我国东部及西南地区由锋面或地面气旋引起的风切变较多，西北地区由对流天气引起的风切变最多，新疆地区则由地形原因引起的风切变最多。希望通过对风切变的统计分析得出的一些结论能够为以后风切变的预报工作提供一定依据。
As the observation data directly reported by pilots, the voice-based aircraft reports have strong reliability. This paper counts the aircraft reports nationwide from November 11, 2010 to September 1, 2020, and analyzes the cause types of wind shear and the annual and spatial distribution of different types of wind shear. Analysis shows that low-altitude wind shear occurs more frequently, and mid-to-high altitude windshear mostly occurs near plateau airports. Convective weather type wind shear occurs most in summer, frontal or surface cyclone type wind shear occurs most in spring, and temperature inversion, jet stream or high-altitude wind momentum downward transmission type wind shear occurs most in winter. Windshear caused by frontal or surface cyclones is more in the eastern and southwestern China. Windshear caused by convective weather is the most in northwestern China, and windshear caused by topography in Xinjiang is the most. It is hoped that some conclusions drawn through the statistical analysis of wind shear can provide a certain basis for the forecast of wind shear in the future.