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门控及其注意调节在体育研究中的重要意义
The Significance of Gating and Its Attentional Modulation in Sports Research

DOI: 10.12677/APS.2021.94080, PP. 551-561

Keywords: 感觉运动门控，惊反射的前脉冲抑制，注意，精神疾病，体育，医体融合
Sensorimotor Gating, Prepulse Inhibition of the Startle Reflex, Attention, Mental Illness, Sports, Medical and Physical Integration

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Abstract:

大脑排除无关信息干扰并选择重要信息进行深度加工的能力来自于门控和注意两种机制共同发挥作用，惊反射的前脉冲抑制及其注意调节是测量门控和注意能力的有效工具，并已经在多种精神疾病的研究中有成熟的应用。精神疾病的早期诊断及治疗评价与运动员的选材和状态评估是相反或相似的过程，因此借鉴精神疾病的研究范式和研究成果，对于提高运动员选材和训练监测、赛前状态预警等均具有积极意义。另外，不同运动项目会导致中枢神经产生不同的可塑性变化，开展不同运动项目的门控及其注意调节的研究有助于精神疾病的早期预防和干预。本研究采用文献资料法总结了惊反射的前脉冲抑制及其注意调节在精神疾病领域和体育领域的应用，从实验方法的角度促进体育领域与精神卫生领域之间的融合。
The brain’s ability to eliminate interference from irrelevant information and select important information for deep processing comes from the two mechanisms of gating and attention working together. The prepulse inhibition of the startle reflex and its attentional modulation are effective tools for this ability and have mature applications in the research of a variety of mental diseases. The early diagnosis and treatment evaluation of mental illness are opposite or similar to the selection and status evaluation of athletes. Therefore, the research paradigm and results of mental illnesses are illustrated, which improves athletes’ selection, training monitoring, and prematch state warning. In addition, different sports events will lead to different plastic changes in the central nervous system. Research on the gate control and attention adjustment of different sports events is helpful to the early prevention and intervention of mental illness. This study uses the literature method to summarize the application of the prepulse inhibition of the startle reflex and its attentional modulation in the field of mental illness and sports, and promotes the integration between the field of sports and the field of mental health from the perspective of experimental methods.

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