新疆灰水足迹评价
The Grey Water Footprint Evaluation of Xinjiang Province

为了量化工农业排污对新疆地区水资源的影响，使用国际上通用的灰水足迹模型，对新疆地区COD、总氮、总磷、氨氮及重金属等污染物的灰水足迹进行了评估。结果表明：1) 新疆地区2012年~2017年的灰水足迹分别为1621、1621、1727、1554、383和349亿m3。2) 2012年~2015年新疆地区的综合灰水足迹指数分别为1.80、1.70、2.38、1.67，属于“很高”等级，表明污染物会严重威胁到水生生态系统的健康稳定；2016年~2017年的综合灰水足迹指数分别为0.35和0.34，属于“中等”等级，表明污染物对新疆水环境的影响虽然没有超出水体的自净能力，但是其对于水生生态系统的潜在威胁不可忽视。3) 总氮是新疆水质性缺水的决定性指标；而重金属类污染物对新疆地区水环境的影响较小。因此，为了促进新疆地区经济社会与生态环境全面协调可持续发展，应当加强氮污染治理，削减进入水体的氮负荷。
To quantify the influence of industrial and agricultural pollution discharge on water resources in Xin-jiang region, the grey water footprint model is adopted in assessing pollutants such as COD, TN, TP, NH3-N and heavy metals. The results indicated: 1) From 2012 to 2017, the grey water footprint in Xin-jiang was 162.1, 162.1, 172.7, 155.4, 38.3 and 34.9 billion m3, respectively. 2) From 2012 to 2015, the comprehensive grey water footprint in Xinjiang was 1.80, 1.70, 2.38 and 1.67, respectively, which be-longed to the “very high” grade, indicating that the pollutants posed serious threat to health and stability of aquatic ecosystem; from 2016 to 2017, the comprehensive grey water footprint was 0.35 and 0.34, respectively, which belonged to the “medium” grade, indicating that pollutants had little influence on Xinjiang’s water environment, but its potential threat to aquatic ecosystem cannot be ignored. 3) TN was a decisive index to cause water quality-induced water shortage of Xinjiang; while heavy metals played a small role in aquatic environment. Therefore, to promote harmonious and sustainable development of economic society and ecological environment in Xinjiang, nitrogen pollution control should be strengthened and reduced the nitrogen dumped into water-body.