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新生儿败血症诊断的生物标志物的研究进展
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Abstract:
新生儿败血症(Neonatal Sepsis)是新生儿常见的感染疾病，也是引起新生儿死亡的重要原因之一，报告显示每1000例新生儿中有1至5例患新生儿败血症。新生儿败血症诊断的金标准是血培养，但培养结果需等待48~72小时，且阳性率低，目前主要还是依赖于临床诊断，临床中最常用的生物标志物有白细胞(WBC)、血小板(PLT)、未成熟粒细胞与总中性粒细胞比率(I/T)、C反应蛋白(CRP)和降钙素原(PCT)，以上指标需联合运用诊断，才具有一定敏感性及特异性，故目前需寻找一种敏感性、特异性均较高的理想的生物标志物，以满足新生儿败血症的早期准确诊断。本篇综述将介绍除传统非特异性炎症指标之外的新生儿败血症诊断的生物标志物，旨在为新生儿败血症的诊断提供新的思路，为临床实践提供理论依据。
Neonatal sepsis is a common infectious disease in newborns and also is one of the important causes of newborn deaths. Neonatal septicemia is reported in 1 to 5 of every 1000 births. The gold standard for diagnosis of neonatal sepsis is blood culture. However, the results of blood culture need to wait for 48~72 hours, and the positive rate is low. In the present, the diagnosis of neonatal mainly depends on clinical diagnosis standards. The most common biomarkers used in clinical are white blood cells (WBC), platelets (PLT), the ratio of immature granulocytes to total neutrophils (I/T), C-reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin (PCT). The above biomarkers need to be combined for diagnosis to have a certain sensitivity and specificity. Therefore, it is necessary to find a signal biomarker with high sensitivity and specificity to satisfy the early and accurate diagnosis of neonatal sepsis. This review will introduce some new biomarkers to diagnose neonatal sepsis, aiming to provide new ideas for the diagnosis of neonatal sepsis and provide a theoretical basis for clinical practice.
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