采收前不同蓝光补光时段对生菜生长和品质的影响
Effects of Different Pre-Harvest Blue Light Supply Methods on Growth and Quality of Lettuce

DOI: 10.12677/HJAS.2021.1110122, PP. 919-931

Keywords: 生菜，采收前补光，LED蓝光，48 h
Lettuce, Pre-Harvest Light, LED Blue Light, 48 h

Full-Text   Cite this paper   Add to My Lib

Abstract:

以“芳妮”生菜为试材，在大棚水培条件下，研究了在生菜采收前48小时不同时段增补蓝光(对照：自然光，T1：连续48 h补光，T2：仅白天12 h补光总计48 h，T3：仅夜间12 h补光总计48 h)对生菜生长、品质、抗氧化性、矿物质元素积累量的影响。结果表明：所有补光处理能提高生菜的生物量。T3处理的效果最为显著。所有补光处理都不同程度的提高了生菜的可溶性糖含量、可溶性蛋白含量、维生素C含量以及生菜的抗氧化性，同时还降低了生菜叶片中的硝酸盐含量。此外，夜间增补蓝光的生菜中钾元素含量较对照显著提高，也高于其他处理，说明夜间补光处理对生菜的生长量的促进影响较之其他两个处理最为显著，但是在提高生菜的品质方面，白天补光的提高效果更为显著，T1处理在生物量与品质提升方面的效果最好，叶片中的钾含量最低。综合生长与品质指标，生菜采收前连续48 h的LED蓝光补光处理可作为为低钾优质生菜生产的参考方案。
Using “Fangni” lettuce as material, under the condition of hydroponic cultivation in greenhouse, the effects of adding blue light 48 hours before lettuce harvest (control: Natural Light, T1: Supplement Light 48 hours continuously, T2: supplement light only 12 hours in daytime for 48 hours, T3: supplement light only 12 hours in night for 48 hours) on the growth, quality, antioxidant activity and mineral element accumulation of lettuce were studied. The results showed that all light supply treatments could increase the fresh weight of the above and below ground parts of lettuce, and increase the dry weight of above ground parts. T3 treatment is the best way to promote the growth of lettuce. All light supplement treatments increased the soluble sugar content, soluble protein content, vitamin C content and antioxidant activity of lettuce, and reduced the nitrate content in lettuce leaves. The experiment also found that the potassium content of lettuce treated with blue light at night was significantly higher than that of the control and higher than that of the other two treatments, but in the aspect of improving the quality of lettuce, the effect of supplementing light in the daytime was more significant, and T1 treatment had the best effect in the aspect of biomass and quality. In a word, the aim of the experiment is to improve the quality of lettuce. According to the growth and quality indexes, 48 hours of LED blue light supply before lettuce harvest can be used as a reference for the production of low potassium and high quality lettuce.

References

[1]	林辰壹, 张丽辉, 赵芸, 等. 青霉素对老化茎用莴苣种子发芽及幼苗生长的影响[J]. 种子, 2007, 26(5): 20-24.
[2]	陈瑶, 史盼盼, 万治成, 等. LED夜间补光对生菜形态特征和营养品质的影响[J]. 河北农业科学, 2017, 21(6): 36-39.
[3]	石平平, 赵众. LED全光谱植物工厂的关键技术研究[J]. 科技经济导刊, 2019, 27(33): 46.
[4]	邓江明, 蔡群英, 潘瑞炽. 光质对水稻幼苗蛋白质、氨基酸含量的影响[J]. 植物学通报, 2000, 17(5): 419-423.
[5]	郭银生, 谷艾素, 崔瑾. 光质对水稻幼苗生长及生理特性的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2011, 22(6): 1485-1492.
[6]	Spalding, E.P. and Folta, K.M. (2010) Illuminating Topics in Plant Photobiology. Plant Cell & Envi-ronment, 28, 39-53. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.2004.01282.x
[7]	Levey, A.S., Eckardt, K., Tsukamoto, Y., et al. (2005) Definition and Classification of Chronic Kidney Disease: A Position Statement from Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO). Kidney International, 67, 2089-2100. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1755.2005.00365.x
[8]	栾淑芳, 金宇芬, 刘启华. 维持性血透病人的饮食指导[J]. 青岛医药卫生, 2002(6): 22.
[9]	施玉峰, 张梦展, 方瑶瑶, 张轶婷, 刘厚诚. 采收前补光对营养液断钾下生菜生长及品质的影响[J]. 照明工程学报, 2019, 30(6): 167-173.
[10]	Tewolde Fasil, T., Lu, N., Shiina, K., Maruo, T., Takagaki, M., Kozai T., et al. (2016) Nighttime Supplemental LED Inter-Lighting Improves Growth and Yield of Sin-gle-Truss Tomatoes by Enhancing Photosynthesis in Both Winter and Summer. Frontiers in Plant Science, 7, Article No. 448. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2016.00448
[11]	Paponov, M., Kechasov, D., Lacek, J., Verheul, M.J. and Paponov, I.A. (2020) Supplemental Light-Emitting Diode Inter-Lighting Increases Tomato Fruit Growth through En-hanced Photosynthetic Light Use Efficiency and Modulated Root Activity. Frontiers in Plant Science, 10, Article No. 1656. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2019.01656
[12]	张宪政. 植物叶绿素含量测定——丙酮乙醇混合液法[J]. 辽宁农业科学, 1986(3): 28-30.
[13]	李军. 钼蓝比色法测定还原型维生素C[J]. 食品科学, 2000, 21(8): 42-45.
[14]	李合生. 植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M]. 北京: 高等教育出版社, 2000.
[15]	Singleton, V.L. and Rossi, J.A. (1965) Colorimetry of Total Phenolics with Phosphomolybdic Phosphothungstic Acid Reagents. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 16, 144-158.
[16]	凌关庭. 抗氧化食品与健康[M]. 北京: 化学工业出版社, 2004.
[17]	Tadolini, B., Juliano, C., Piu, L., Franconi, F. and Cabrini, L. (2000) Resveratrol Inhibition of Lipid Peroxi-dation. Free Radical Research, 33, 105-114. https://doi.org/10.1080/10715760000300661
[18]	Benzie, I. and Strain, J.J. (1996) The Ferric Reducing Ability of Plasma (FRAP) as a Measure of “Antioxidant Power”: The FRAP Assay. Analytical Biochemistry, 239, 70-76. https://doi.org/10.1006/abio.1996.0292
[19]	鲁如坤. 土壤农业化学分析方法[M]. 北京: 中国农业科技出版社, 1999.
[20]	刘文科, 杨其长, 邱志平, 等. 不同LED光质对生菜生长和营养品质的影响[J]. 蔬菜, 2012(11): 63-65.
[21]	朱鹿坤, 陈俊琴, 赵雪雅, 等. 红蓝绿LED延时补光对日光温室黄瓜育苗的影响[J]. 沈阳农业大学学报, 2020, 51(4): 402-409.
[22]	江明艳, 潘远智. 不同光质对盆栽一品红光合特性及生长的影响[J]. 园艺学报, 2006, 33(2): 338-343.
[23]	Matsuda, H., Mori, S., Fujii, H., et al. (2001) Photosynthetic Rate and Root Activity of Rice Plant with Reference to Application Rate of Topdressed N. Japanese Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 72, 667-672.
[24]	叶宝兴, 毛达超, 刘学春. 超级小麦生育后期根系活力与净光合速率相关性的研究[J]. 山东农业科学, 2005(4): 15-18.
[25]	魏星, 顾清, 戴艳娇, 等. 不同光质对菊花组培苗生长的影响[J]. 中国农学通报, 2008, 24(12): 344-349.
[26]	Zhong, H.B., Qi, C.Y. and Wen, K.L. (2015) Effects of Light Quality on the Accumulation of Phytochemicals in Vegetables Produced in Controlled Environments: A Review. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 95, 869-877.
[27]	Ogawa, A., Fujita, S., Toyofuku, K. (2014) A Cultivation Method for Lettuce and Spinach with High Levels of Vitamin C Using Potassium Restriction. Environ-mental Control in Biology, 52, 95-99. https://doi.org/10.2525/ecb.52.95
[28]	周晚来. 采收前短期连续光照降低水培生菜硝酸盐含量的效果研究[D]: [硕士学位论文]. 北京: 中国农业科学院, 2011.
[29]	Kowallik, W. (1982) Blue Light Effects on Respiration. Annual Review of Plant Physiology, 33, 51-72. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.pp.33.060182.000411
[30]	李慧敏, 陆晓民. 不同光质对甘蓝型油菜幼苗的生长和生理特性的影响[J]. 西北植物学报, 2015, 35(11): 2251-2257.
[31]	张立伟, 刘世琦, 张自坤, 等. 不同光质下香椿苗的生长动态[J]. 西北农业学报, 2010, 19(6): 115-119.
[32]	Niki, E. and Noguchi, N. (2000) Evaluation of Antioxidant Capacity. What Capacity Is Being Measured by Which Method? IUBMB Life, 50, 323-329. https://doi.org/10.1080/713803736
[33]	陈晓丽, 郭文忠, 薛绪掌, 等. LED组合光谱对水培生菜矿物质吸收的影响[J]. 光谱学与光谱分析, 2014, 34(5): 1394-1397.
[34]	Min, J.K., Ruzicka, D., Shin, R., et al. (2012) The Ara-bidopsis AP2/ERF Transcription Factor RAP2.11 Modulates Plant Response to Low-Potassium Conditions. Molecular Plant, 5, 1042-1057. https://doi.org/10.1093/mp/sss003
[35]	Kim, H.-H., Goins, G.D., Wheeler, R.M. and Sager, J.C. (2004) Stomatal Conductance of Lettuce Grown Under or Exposed to Different Light Qualities. Annals of Botany, 94, 691-697. https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mch192
[36]	李海云, 刘焕红. 夜间补光对黄瓜幼苗激素含量及养分吸收的影响[J]. 中国农学通报, 2013, 29(16): 74-78.
[37]	唐定台, 徐民新, 冯永红. 石竹试管花的诱导及其影响因子的研究[J]. 园艺学报, 1996(3): 71-74.
[38]	蒋凌雁, 高梦泽, 杨丽云, 等. 植物质膜蛋白质调控生物胁迫研究进展[J]. 植物生理学报, 2021, 57(2): 323-336.
[39]	张其德, 张世平, 张启丰. 在植物光合作用中镁离子的作用[J]. 黑龙江大学自然科学学报, 1992(1): 82-88.
[40]	Wang, W., Su, M., Li, H., Zeng, B., Chang, Q. and Lai, Z. (2018) Effects of Supplemental Lighting with Different Light Qualities on Growth and Secondary Metabolite Content of An-oectochilus roxburghii. PeerJ, 6, Article ID: e5274. https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mch192

Full-Text