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废旧锂离子电池回收利用技术研究进展
Research Progress on Recycling Technology of Waste Lithium-Ion Batteries

DOI: 10.12677/AEP.2021.115114, PP. 946-957

Keywords: 锂离子电池，固体废弃物，回收利用，新能源
Lithium-Ion Battery, Solid Waste, Recycling, New Energy

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Abstract:

新能源汽车及动力锂离子电池的快速发展有效缓解了城市空气污染的问题，同时，由此产生的废旧锂离子电池也给整个社会环境带了极大威胁。回收利用废旧锂离子电池并进行循环利用，不仅可以解决上述环境污染问题，同时还能弥补资源紧缺和产出可观的经济收益。本文在对动力锂离子电池的组成和结构进行解析的基础上，综述废旧锂离子电池的拆解过程，并分类介绍正极材料、负极材料、隔膜材料、电解液的回收利用技术现状。最后，对锂离子电池回收利用技术未来的发展方向进行了展望。回收市场将进一步细分，一些特殊的技术将会派上用场，同时基于多学科工艺交叉组合使用的成套智能设备也将成为重要发展方向。
The rapid development of new energy vehicles and power lithium-ion batteries has effectively al-leviated the problem of urban air pollution. However, the resulting waste lithium-ion batteries also pose a great threat to the whole social environment. Recycling waste lithium-ion batteries can not only solve the above environmental pollution problems, but also make up for the shortage of re-sources and produce considerable economic benefits. The present paper summarizes the disassem-bly process of waste lithium-ion batteries based on the analysis of the composition and structure of power lithium-ion batteries, and introduces the recycling technology of cathode materials, cathode materials, diaphragm materials and electrolyte. Finally, the future development direction of lithium-ion battery recycling technology is prospected. The recycling market will be further subdivided, and some special technologies will be used. At the same time, the complete set of in-telligent equipment based on the cross combination of multidisciplinary processes will also become an important development direction.

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