基于共享停车的停车请求决策与车位分配模型
Decision-Making and Parking Slots Allocation Model of Parking Requests Considering Sharing Parking

为提高城市停车位的时空资源利用率，本文基于单个停车场共享停车位的实时状态，动态收集停车请求数据，以停车场时空资源可持续利用性最大化为目标，同时考虑停车场的收益，建立了两阶段动态化车位分配模型并采用隐枚举法进行求解，从而对停车请求做出决策并为通过的停车请求分配车位。算例分析表明，相比传统先到先得的车位分配方式，本文提出的两阶段动态化车位分配模型在牺牲较小的停车收益、时空资源利用率以及停车请求接受率的同时可以获得较大的可持续利用性的提升，从长远考虑，较高的可持续利用性可以更好地应对停车需求的不确定性，最终实现更高的时空资源利用率。本文的研究可以为实践中的动态化车位分配提供理论支撑，对提高城市停车位的时空资源利用率有着重要意义。
To increase the utilization of the urban parking slots, based on the real-time status of sharing parking slots of one single parking lot, this article collects information of parking requests dy-namically, and establishes a two-stage dynamic sharing parking slots allocation model with objective of maximizing the spatiotemporal resource’s sustainable utilization of parking slots and consideration of the parking revenue to make decisions on parking requests and allocate a parking slot for every accepted parking request. The model can be solved through the implicit enumeration method. Analysis of examples shows that compared to traditional first-come-first-served allocation method, the proposed two-stage dynamic sharing parking slots allocation model can increase the resources sustainable utilization a lot while decreasing the parking revenue, the utilization of parking slots and the acceptance rate of parking requests a little bit. And, while taking the long view, the high sustainable utilization of resources can be beneficial to facing the uncertainty of parking requests so that the final spatiotemporal resources utilization of parking slots will be much higher. The research can provide theoretical support for dynamic sharing parking slots allocation in practice, and it is of great significance to improving the utilization of spatiotemporal resources of urban parking spaces.