城市隧道应急疏散策略研究
Study on Emergency Evacuation Strategy of Urban Tunnel

为了降低城市隧道交通事故造成的拥堵影响、避免引发二次事故，制定城市隧道交通事故的应急疏散策略。以回归分析模型预测事故影响的持续时间，解析其持续时间的影响因素；以交通波模型预测事故引发的排队长度，解析交通流特性参数与排队长度之间的关系。在此基础上，根据事故影响程度的等级，制定针对不同等级下的应急疏散预案。最后通过VISSIM仿真软件对事故影响严重等级下的无策略和有策略方案分别模拟，结果表明：在模拟输入交通量为2500辆/小时，事故持续时间预测为35分钟的条件下，采用有策略方案相比于无策略方案，在拥堵持续时间上减少了2分钟，在排队长度上最大可缩短250米，证明了应急疏散策略的有效性。
In order to reduce the congestion caused by traffic accidents in urban tunnels and avoid causing secondary accidents, an emergency evacuation strategy for urban tunnel traffic accidents is for-mulated. The regression analysis model is used to predict the duration of the accident impact, and the influencing factors of the duration are analyzed. The traffic wave model is used to predict the length of the queue caused by the accident, and the relationship between the traffic flow characteristic parameters and the queue length is analyzed. On this basis, according to the level of the degree of impact of the accident, the emergency evacuation plan for different levels is formulated. Finally, the VISSIM simulation software is used to simulate the no-strategy and strategic plan under the severity of the accident. The results show that the strategy is adopted under the condition that the simulated input traffic volume is 2500 vehicles/hour and the accident duration is predicted to be 35 minutes. Compared with the non-strategic scheme, the duration of congestion is reduced by 2 minutes, and the length of the queue can be shortened by up to 250 meters, which proves the effectiveness of the emergency evacuation strategy.