湛江市“十三五”期间空气质量特征及污染物变化分析
Analysis of Air Quality Characteristics and Pollutant Changes in Zhanjiang during 2016~2020

本文基于2016~2020年湛江市AQI、SO₂、NO₂、CO、O₃、PM₁₀、PM_2.5的相关数据，对湛江市十三五期间空气质量指数(AQI)以及大气污染物年均浓度值变化进行分析。结果显示五年内PM_2.5、PM₁₀、SO₂、NO₂、CO年均浓度值均下降，AQI指数总体优良，有一定上升趋势，其中PM_2.5、PM₁₀具有“冬春高，夏秋低”的特征，SO₂、NO₂则呈“冬高，春夏秋低”，而O₃总体呈现上升趋势，并且具有“秋高夏低”的特点；气温与六项污染物间均呈负相关性关系，相关性系数大部分较高。分析结果表明：① 在我国现行的《环境空气质量标准》下，湛江市空气质量总体较好；② O₃在我国于2012年颁布的《环境空气标准中》被列入控制范围，但湛江市O₃年均值总体呈现上升趋势，说明湛江市仍需加强O₃生成前体污染物控制；③ 大气污染物峰值较多集中在冬季，说明湛江市应在冬季加强空气污染检测与控制。
Based on the data of AQI, SO₂, NO₂, CO, O₃, PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 in Zhanjiang from 2016 to 2020, this paper analyzes the changes in Air Quality Index (AQI) and annual average concentrations of air pollutants in Zhanjiang from 2016 to 2020. The results show that the annual average concentrations of PM_2.5, PM₁₀, SO₂, NO₂ and CO all decreased in five years, AQI index is generally good, with a certain upward trend, with PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ having the characteristics of “high in winter and spring, low in summer and autumn”, SO₂ and NO₂ showing “high in winter, low in spring, summer and autumn”, while O₃ showed an overall increase. The overall trend of O₃ is rising and has the characteristics of “high in autumn and low in summer”; the correlation between temperature and the six pollutants is negative, and the correlation coefficients are mostly high. The analysis shows that: ① Under China’s current Ambient Air Quality Standards, Zhanjiang’s air quality is generally good; ② O₃ was included in the control scope in the Ambient Air Standards promulgated by China in 2012, but the annual average value of O₃ in Zhanjiang showed an overall increasing trend, indicating that Zhanjiang still needs to strengthen the control of O₃ generating precursor pollutants; ③ The peak of air pollutants is more concentrated in winter, which indicates that Zhanjiang should strengthen air pollution detection and control in winter.