This study aims to question the watchdog function of the Turkish press in
the context of the coronavirus crisis, to
deal with the initial coronavirus responses of the news media, and to examine the extent to which the press fulfills
its public responsibility and watchdog function. Accordingly, it discussed the role of the media in protecting the public interest in terms of watchdog
journalism and centered on the matter of how
the news media debate social welfare measures taken for the fragile social groups during the coronaviruses
crisis. The study claims that pro-government media present a health-based
perspective, but anti-government media much more point out the socio-economic dimensions of COVID-19. The
online newspapers that are selected according to the range of different political stances, in particular,
anti-government and pro-government, have been investigated through
content analysis in terms of content diversity and watchdog journalism. Thus, it has been determined whether watchdog journalism is fulfilled in such a polarized political environment in the
context of news on COVID-19 and concluded that the news media ignore social
policy measures, are polarized along political lines, and are not critical
enough of the government.
References
[1]
Ackland, R. (2013). Web Social Science. Sage.
[2]
Allan, S. (2004). News Culture (2nd ed.). Open University Press.
[3]
Anderson, J. A. (2012). Media Research Methods: Understanding Metric and Interpretive Approaches. Sage.
[4]
Bennett, T. (1982). Theories of the Media, Theories of Society. In M. Gurevitch, T. Bennett, J. Curran, & J. Woollacott (Eds.), Culture, Society and the Media (pp. 26-51). Methuen & Co. Ltd.
[5]
Berry, M. (2019). Media and Neo-Liberalism. In J. Curran, & D. Hesmondhalgh (Eds.), Media and Society (pp. 57-82). Bloomsbury.
[6]
Birnbauer, B. (2019, September 23). Investigative Journalism: Demystifying Some of Its Practices, Beliefs and Challenges. https://lens.monash.edu/@politics-society/2019/09/23/1376732/investigative-journalism-demystifying-some-of-its-practices-beliefs-and-challenges
[7]
Croteau, D., & Hoynes, W. (2014). Media/Society: Industries, Images, and Audiences. Sage.
[8]
Curran, J. (1991). Rethinking the Media as a Public Sphere. In P. Dahlgren, & C. Sparks (Eds.), Communication and Citizenship (pp. 27-57). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203977880-1
[9]
Devereux, E. (2014). Understanding the Media. Sage.
[10]
Garnham, N. (2012). Contribution to a Political Economy of Mass-Communication. In M. G. Durham, & D. M. Kellner (Eds.), Media and Cultural Studies: Key Works (pp. 166-185). Wiley-Blackwell.
[11]
Giroux, H. (2020, October 22). Fascist Culture, Critical Pedagogy, and Resistance in Dark Times. https://www.counterpunch.org/2020/10/22/fascist-culture-critical-pedagogy-and-resistance-in-dark-times/
[12]
Hanitzsch, T., Hanusch, F., Mellado, C., Anikina, M., Berganza, R., Cangoz, I., Coman, M., Hamada, B., Hernández, M. E., Karadjov, C. D., Moreira, S. V., Mwesige, P. G., Plaisance, P. L., Reich, Z., Seethaler, J., Skewes, E. A., Noor, D. V., & Wang, Y. E. K. (2011). Mapping Journalism Cultures across Nations. Journalism Studies, 12, 273-293. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2010.512502
[13]
Hart, P. S., Chinn, S., & Soroka, S. (2020). Politicization and Polarization in COVID-19 News Coverage. Science Communication, 42, 679-697. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1075547020950735
[14]
Josephi, B. (2012). How Much Democracy Does Journalism Need? Journalism, 14, 474-489. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1464884912464172
[15]
Karppinen, K. (2018). Journalism, Pluralism, and Diversity. In T. P. Vos (Ed.), Journalism (pp. 493-510). De Gruyter Mouton. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781501500084-025
[16]
Louw, P. E. (2010). The Media and Political Process. Sage.
[17]
McNair, B. (1999). News and Journalism in the UK (3rd ed.). Routledge.
[18]
McQuail, D. and Deuze, M. (2020). Mcquail’s Media & Mass Communication Theory (7th ed.). Sage.
[19]
Nielsen, R. K., & Fletcher, R. (2020). Democratic Creative Destruction? The Effect of Changing Media Landscape on Democracy. In N. Persily, & J. Tucker (Eds.), Social Media and Democracy: The State of the Field, Prospects for Reform (SSRC Anxieties of Democracy) (pp. 139-162). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108890960
[20]
Nielsen, R. K., Kalogeropoulos, A., & Fletcher, R. (2020, May 5). UK Public Opinion Polarised on News Coverage of Government Coronavirus Response and Concern over Misinformation. https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/UK-public-opinion-polarised-on-news-coverage-government-coronavirus-response-concern-over-misinformation
[21]
Norris, P. (2014). Watchdog Journalism. In M. Bovens, R. E. Goodin, & T. Schillemans (Eds.), Oxford Handbook of Public Accountability (pp. 525-541). Oxford University Press.
[22]
Ott, B. L. & Mack, R. L. (2010). Critical Media Studies: An Introduction. Wiley-Blackwell.
[23]
Phelan, S. (2014). Neoliberalism, Media and the Political. Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137308368
[24]
Schlesinger, P. (2020). After the Post-Public Sphere. Media, Culture & Society, 42, 1545-1563. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0163443720948003
[25]
Schudson, M. (2019). Approaches to the Sociology of News. In J. Curran, & D. Hesmond- halgh (Eds.), Media and Society (pp. 139-166). Bloomsbury. https://doi.org/10.5040/9781501340765.ch-008
[26]
Schudson, M. (2020). Journalism: Why It Matters. Polity Press.
[27]
Street, J. (2011). Mass Media, Politics & Democracy. Palgrave.
[28]
Streeter, T. (1989). Polysemy, Plurality, and Media Studies. Journal of Communication Inquiry, 13, 88-106. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F019685998901300210
[29]
Waisbord, S. (2016). Watchdog Journalism. In G. Mazzoleni (Ed.), The International Encyclopedia of Political Communication (pp. 1-5). John Wiley & Sons, Inc. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118541555.wbiepc046