The increase in the urban population and the high
concentration of many anthropogenic
activities in certain regions of the world lead to atmospheric disturbances.
The excess concentration of several chemical elements leads to air pollution.
In order to identify the types of air pollutants, a study was carried out in
the city of Lomé, the capital of Togo. The objective of this study is to achieve a better knowledge of the types of air pollutants
in the city of Lomé. The identification of the various atmospheric
pollutants linked to the sources of pollution was made using micro-sensors. The
standardized method was used to access target gas concentration levels. The
average concentrations of NO2 gaseous pollutants at landfills are on
average 0.333 μg/m3; 0.403 mg/m3 at the industrial level,
at the transport level they are on average 0.434 mg/m3 for the
morning and 0.457 mg/m3 for the evening. Concentrations of carbon
dioxide (CO2) are higher in industrial areas than in others sources of pollution. The average concentration measured at this level is 1632.79 mg/m3.
In terms of road transport, in the mornings the average concentration is
1493.23 mg/m3, in the evening the
average concentration is 1354.09 mg/m
References
[1]
Bard, A. (2017) Standard Potentials in Aqueous Solution. Routledge, London. https://doi.org/10.1201/9780203738764
[2]
Sleiman, S.F., Henry, J., Al-Haddad, R., El Hayek, L., Haidar, E.A., Stringer, T. and Chao, M.V. (2016) Exercise Promotes the Expression of Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) through the Action of the Ketone Body β-Hydroxybutyrate. Elife, 5, e15092. https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.15092.012
[3]
Kampa, M. and Castanas, E. (2008) Human Health Effects of Air Pollution. Environmental Pollution, 151, 362-367. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2007.06.012
[4]
Bahino, J., Yoboué, V., Galy-Lacaux, C., Adon, M., Akpo, A., Keita, S., Liousse, C., Gardrat, E., Chiron, C. and Ossohou, M. (2019) A Pilot Study of Gaseous Pollutants’ Measurement (NO2, SO2, NH3, HNO3 and O3) in Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire: Contribution to an Overview of Gaseous Pollution in African Cities. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 18, 5173-5198. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-5173-2018
[5]
Garrec, J.P. and Livertoux, M.H. (2016) Bioindication végétale de l’ozone dans l’agglomération nancéienne durant l’été 1996.
[6]
Ern, H. (1979) Die Vegetation Togos. Gliederung, Gefährdung, Erhaltung. Willdenowia, 295-312.
[7]
Al Barakeh, Z. (2012) Suivi de pollution atmosphérique par système multi-capteurs-méthode mixte de classification et de détermination d’un indice de pollution. Doctoral Dissertation, EMSE, Saint-Etienne.
[8]
Abdallah, C. (2016) Evaluation des émissions et de la modélisation de la qualité de l’air sur Beyrouth et le Liban, Paris Est.
[9]
Cachon, F.B.A. (2013) étude de pollution atmosphérique en Afrique Sub-Saharienne: Cas de Cotonou (Bénin): Caractérisation physicochimique des matières particulaires d’origine urbaine et impact toxicologique sur des cellules épithéliales bronchiques humaines (BEAS-2B) cultivées in vitro. Chimie & Toxicologie de l’Environnement, Université du Littoral Côte d’Opale en cotutelle avec L’Université d’Abomey-Calavi, Bénin. Doctorat, 282.
[10]
Demay, C. (2011) La pollution de l’air à Dakar. Département Géographie, Université de Bourgogne U.F.R Sciences Humaines. Master I, 71.
[11]
Krzyzanowski, M. and Cohen, A. (2008) Update of WHO Air Quality Guidelines. Air Quality Atmosphere and Health, 1, 7-13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11869-008-0008-9
[12]
Istrate, A.G., Tauris, T.M., Langer, N. and Antoniadis, J. (2014) The Timescale of Low-Mass Proto-Helium White Dwarf Evolution. Astronomy & Astrophysics, 571, L3. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201424681
[13]
Baneschi, I., Dallai, L., Giazzi, G., Guidi, M. and Krotz, L. (2013) A Method for the Definition of the Carbon Oxidation Number in the Gases Dissolved in Waters and the Redox Variations Using an Elemental Analyser (FlashEA 1112) Preliminary Data from a Stratified Lake. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 124, 14-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2012.07.005
[14]
Eksperiandova, L.P., Fedorov, O.I. and Stepanenko, N.A. (2011) Estimation of Metrological Characteristics of the Element Analyzer EuroVector EA-3000 and Its Potential in the Single-Reactor CHNS Mode. Microchemical Journal, 99, 235-238. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2011.05.005
[15]
Smith, S.E., Jakobsen, I., Grønlund, M. and Smith, F.A. (2011) Roles of Arbuscular Mycorrhizas in Plant Phosphorus Nutrition: Interactions between Pathways of Phosphorus Uptake in Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Roots Have Important Implications for Understanding and Manipulating Plant Phosphorus Acquisition. Plant Physiology, 156, 1050-1057. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.111.174581
[16]
Bates, T.S., Calhoun, J.A. and Quinn, P.K. (1992) Variations in the Methanesulfonate to Sulfate Molar Ratio in Submicrometer Marine Aerosol Particles over the South Pacific Ocean. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 97, 9859-9865. https://doi.org/10.1029/92JD00411
[17]
Rodrıguez, S., Querol, X., Alastuey, A., Viana, M.-M., Alarcón, M., Mantilla, E., et al. (2004) Comparative PM10-PM2.5 Sources Contribution Study at Rural, Urban and Industrial Sites during PM Episodes in Eastern Spain. Science of the Total Environment, 328, 95-113. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(03)00411-X
[18]
Tam, P.S., Kittrell, J.R. and Eldridge, J.W. (1990) Desulfurization of Fuel Oil by Oxidation and Extraction. Enhancement of Extraction Oil Yield. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 29, 321-324. https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00099a002
[19]
U.R.D. (2000) The Quality Project in Afghanistan: Mission 1, 20th July 2002-24th August 2002. Mission Report, Groupe URD, Plaisians.
[20]
Maatoug, M., Medkour, K., Hammou, M.A. and Ayad, N. (2010) Cartographie de la pollution atmospherique par le plomb d’origine routiere a l’aide de transplantation d’un lichen bioaccumulateur Xanthoria parietina dans la ville de Tiaret (Algerie). Revue Pollution Atmospheric, 205, 93-101. https://doi.org/10.4267/pollution-atmospherique.734
[21]
Messou, A., Coulibaly, L., Doumbia, L. and Gourene, G. (2013) Plants Diversity and Phytoaccumulators Identification on the Akouedo Landfill (Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire). African Journal of Biotechnology, 12, 253-264. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJB12.1664
[22]
Monks, P.S., Granier, C., Fuzzi, S., Stohl, A., Williams, M.L., et al. (2009) Atmospheric Composition Change—Global and Regional Air Quality. Atmospheric Environment, 43, 5268-5350. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.08.021
