In this study, non-Japanese and LGBT people who are (or were) working in Japan were interviewed about the problems they face in finding or changing jobs and how they solve these problems. The interviews were recorded and analyzed using a qualitative analysis method named M-GTA with the consent of a total of 12 participants. As a result, four categories were discovered as the causes of problems and the criteria for solving them: “Standards for handling interpersonal relationships in the workplace”, “Way to utilize the unique nature of double minorities”, “Methods to deal with the external environment of the workplace” and “Diverse ways of being in an organization as an individual”. In addition, it was found that there are a total of nine processes for double-minority people in finding a job in Japan or working for a Japanese company, divided into three periods from problem occurrence to problem resolution: before joining a company (before coming to Japan), after joining a company, and after changing jobs (after returning to Hometown). In the future, it could be expected to start research focusing on transgender people to make the problem-solving process more accurate.
References
[1]
Arimura, S. (2014). Is the Diversity Management and Employment of Disabled Persons Consistent or Not? The Japan Institute of Labour, 56, 51-63.
[2]
Bapuji, H., Ertug, G., & Shaw, J. D. (2020). Organizations and Societal Economic Inequality: A Review and Way Forward. The Academy of Management Annals, 14, 60-91.
https://doi.org/10.5465/annals.2018.0029
[3]
Buck, D. M., Plant, E. A., Ratcliff, J., Zielaskowski, K., & Boerner, P. (2013). Concern over the Misidentification of Sexual Orientation: Social Contagion and the Avoidance of Sexual Minorities. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 105, 941-960.
https://doi.org/10.1037/a0034145
[4]
Dai, E. (2020). Place of Employment Selection Behavior of Foreign-Born High-Level Employees in Japan and Its Influencing Factors. AGI Working Paper Series, 31, 11-33.
[5]
Fujita, M., & Takahashi, K. (2021). An Examination of the “Prohibition” of Outing and Its Policy-Making: A Case Study of Outing. City and Social, 5, 64-79.
[6]
Harrison, D. A., Price, K. H., & Bell, P. M. (1998). Beyond Relational Demography: Time and the Effects of Surface and Deep Level Diversity on Work Group Cohesion. Academy of Management Journal, 41, 96-107. https://doi.org/10.2307/256901
[7]
Hirata, T. (2018). Indigenous Women Accuse Indigenous Women of Compounding Discrimination: Double Minority. Friday, 26, 46-47.
[8]
Igarashi, Y. (2000). The Four Types of Attitudes towards “Gaijin”: A Case Study on Race Relations at a Workplace in Japan. Japanese Sociological Review, 51, 54-70.
https://doi.org/10.4057/jsr.51.54
[9]
Japan Student Services Organization (2018). Survey of Foreign Students’ Status of Residence. Japan Student Services Organization.
[10]
Jin, J. J. (2020). A Research on Factors on Performance of Entry Sheet Written by Chinese Students in Job Hunting. Intercultural Studies Review, 33, 27-48.
[11]
Kadoma, Y., Takahashi, O., & Inomata, T. (2019). Study on Difficulty in Job Hunting: Focusing on Job Hunting of International Students in Japan. Bulletin of the Institute for Excellence in Higher Education Tohoku University, 5, 79-92.
[12]
Kawashima, S. (2020). Current State and Issues Related to the Diversity of SOGI in Universities: The Practice of Social Inclusion That Creates New Values at Universities. Journal of the Faculty of Humanities, the University of Kitakyushu, 27, 53-69.
[13]
Kinoshita, Y. (2007). Analytical Techniques of Modified Grounded Theory Approach (M-GTA). Toyama University Nursing Association, 6, 1-10.
[14]
Kusumoto, T. (2018). Factors Causing Communication Trouble with Japanese Which Chinese Employees Experience at Japanese Workplaces. Bulletin of Japanese Language Center for International Students, 44, 35-48.
[15]
Lee, K. T. (2019) A Case Study on Roles & Working Decision of a Korean Female International Student: Based on Interview Survey. Journal of Japanese Language and Japanese Language Teaching, 3, 49-63.
[16]
LGBT Law Coalition (2016). What Is a Legal System That Prohibits Discrimination against LGBT People? A Progressive Approach Starting with Local Governments. Kawagawa Publishing.
[17]
Meng, Y., & Nakai, Y. (2020). An Analysis of Role-Playing Conversational Data on Asking for Permission by Chinese Subordinates and Japanese Superiors: Seeking Hints on Training Foreign Workers from the Actions and Consciousness of Participants. NINJAL Research Papers, 19, 109-126.
[18]
Ministry of Economy, Trade, and Industry (2015). Survey on Employment and Retention of International Students. ShinNihon LLC.
[19]
Morinaga, T. (2018). Understanding LGBT. Nippon Keizai Shinbun Publishing.
[20]
Moriya, T. (2017). Status and Challenges of Business Succession Education in Japanese SMEs. The Ritsumeikan Business Review: The Bimonthly Journal of Ritsumeikan University, 57, 63-86.
[21]
Murata, T. (2020). Changes in the Boundary Consciousness of Technical Intern Trainee and the Meaning of Participating in Community-Based Japanese Language Class: Based on the Narrative of a Chinese Technical Intern Trainee. Studies of Language and Cultural Education, 18, 142-160.
[22]
Nako, M. (2020). Corporate Diversity Measures and Issues of Labor Law. Kanazawa Law Review, 62, 115-135.
[23]
Niki, I. (2015). Case Analysis of Discriminatory Speech in “Survey on LGBT Issues in the Work Environment 2014”. Gender and Sexuality: Journal of Center for Gender Studies, 10, 119-132.
[24]
Ogawa, M., Ohira, M., & Karaki, Y. (2018). Trends and Campus Supports of the Job-Hunting Activities for International Students at International Pacific University. Bulletin of International Pacific University, 13, 113-118.
[25]
Oikawa, K. (2019). Meet Meiko Takeshima, Who Lives with a Double Minority of Hearing Impairment and Gender Identity Disorder in Friday. Friday, 27, 47.
[26]
Otsubo, M. (2020). Reconsideration on Discourses of “Invisibility” Giving Meaning to Sexual Minority’s Coming Out. Waseda Rilas Journal, 8, 41-51.
[27]
Shimizu, N., Nakamura, M., & Izuha, T. (2019). Influence of Mass Media on the Issues of a Multi-Cultural Society: Analysis on the Experimental Classes Discussing Interdisciplinary Topics. Journal of the Faculty of International Studies Utsunomiya University, 47, 63-75.
[28]
Strauss, A., & Corbin, J. (1967). Discovery of Grounded Theory.
[29]
Sugimoto, H., & HA, X. (2020). Study on the Establishment of Foreign Students as Advanced Foreign Human Resources in Niigata Prefecture. Journal of Graduate Institute for Entrepreneurial Studies, 11, 65-80.
[30]
Suzuki, A., & Ikegami, T. (2020). Effects of Friends’ Coming out on Heterosexuals’ Attitudes toward Homosexuals: Moderating Role of Gender Self-Esteem. The Japanese Psychological Association, 91, 235-245. https://doi.org/10.4992/jjpsy.91.18052
[31]
Takase, K., & Kawano, K. (2018). Differences of Perfectionism and Subjective Adaptation Due to the Service Years in Japanese Nurses. Tokai Gakuen University Research Notes: Humanities Research, 23, 25-35.
[32]
Taniguchi, M. (2008). Diversity in Organization. The Japan Institute of Labour, 50, 69-84.
[33]
Tatai, T. (2018). Queer Theory and Transgender People: On Sexual Differences. Kyoto Journal of Sociology, 26, 51-61. https://doi.org/10.17328/kjcs.2018.26.2.002
[34]
Tsunemi, Y. (2015). Job Hunting and Japanese Society: Beyond the Illusion of Equality. NHK Publishing.
[35]
Watanabe, A. (2019). How Seminars on LGBT Are Raising Awareness among High School Teachers. The Bulletin of the Graduate School of Education of Waseda University, 26, 13-23.
[36]
Wei, C., & Liu, W. (2019). Coming out in Mainland China: A National Survey of LGBTQ Students. Journal of LGBT Youth, 16, 192-219.
https://doi.org/10.1080/19361653.2019.1565795
[37]
Yamamoto, S. (2018). Prospects and Reviews of a Recognition at Language/Culture/Career in Japanese Language Education. Waseda Studies in Japanese Language Education, 25, 41-60.
[38]
Yan, Y. (2021). LGBT Initiatives and Prospects for Japanese Companies Based on Diversity Management: The Case of Japanese LGBT Friendly Companies Using SCAT Analysis. Ritsumeikan Business Journal, 15, 27-58.
[39]
Yasuda, Y. (2009). Human Relations with Foreigners: Trust and Consultation in Globalizing Workplaces. Works Review, 4, 1-12.
[40]
Yoshinaka, T., Kazama, T., & Ishida, H. et al. (2015). A Comparison of Attitudes toward Sexual Minorities by Attribute: Focusing on National Surveys and Previous Studies of University Students. Shin Joho, 103, 20-32.
[41]
Yukawa, K. (2020). A Study of Inclusion of Foreign Human Resources in a Japanese Company Promoting Utilization of Highly Skilled Foreign Professionals. Annual Conference of JMDA, 20, 57-60.
