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水环境中微塑料的污染现状、生态风险和未来展望
Microplastics in Water: Pollution Status, Ecological Risks and Future Prospects

DOI: 10.12677/AEP.2021.114098, PP. 825-931

Keywords: 微塑料，污染现状，生态风险，水环境
Microplastics, Pollution Status, Ecological Risks, Water Environment

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Abstract:

作为新兴污染物之一，近年来微塑料(MPs)引起的环境问题受到了广泛关注。水体作为这类污染物的主要汇集地，已成为热点研究对象。然而，目前关于环境中微塑料的研究主要集中在采集和检测技术方面，缺少对微塑料存在情况和环境行为的系统性研究报道，且对水体环境中微塑料污染的治理工作尚未大规模开展。本文利用已有环境介质中微塑料的报道信息，分别介绍了流域水体、饮用水和污水处理厂中微塑料的污染现状，并归纳总结了微塑料的生态风险。此外，还进一步分析了当前研究中存在的几个问题和微塑料污染的发展趋势，提出今后应加强对环境中微塑料降解的研究。
As one of the emerging pollutants, environmental problems caused by microplastics (MPs) have at-tracted great attention in recent years. Water body, as the gathering place of these pollutants, has become a hot research object. However, the current studies on MPs in the environment are mainly focused on the collection and detection technology, and there is a lack of systematic studies on the presence and environmental behavior of MPs. The treatment of microplastic pollution in the water environment has not been carried out on a large scale. Based on the reported information of MPs in environmental media, the pollution status of MPs in basin water, drinking water and wastewater treatment plants was introduced, the harm to organisms was summarized in this paper. In addition, several problems existing in the current research and the development tendency of microplastic pollution were further analyzed. It was suggested that the degradation of MPs in the environment should be strengthened in the future.

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