底播虾夷扇贝(Patinopecten yessoensis)肠道可培养细菌动态分析
Bacterial Dynamic Analysisin Intestine of Bottom Sowing Yesso Scallop (Patinopecten yessoensis)

本研究旨在研究底播虾夷扇贝肠道微生物多样性及其动态变化，并分离潜在益生菌应用于虾夷扇贝幼体培育。实验用底播虾夷扇贝于2014年12月份底播，分别于2015年1月、4月和7月进行样品采集。以2216E培养基对肠道细菌进行分离、纯化，提取DNA并通过16S rDNA测序对分离的细菌进行鉴定。结果表明所有可培养细菌属于变形菌门、厚壁菌门和放线菌门，其中变形菌门占比78.9%，占绝对优势。属水平上，肠道分离可培养细菌隶属于弧菌属Vibrio，Aliivibrio，希瓦氏菌属Shewanella，科迪单胞菌Kordiimonas，假交替单胞菌属Pseudoalteromonas，假单胞菌属Pseudomonas，气单胞菌属Aeromonas，海洋居住菌属Pelagicola，黑杆菌属Phaeobacter，沈氏菌属Shimia，噬琼胶菌属Agarivorans，噬冷杆菌属Psychrobacter，海单胞菌属Marinomonas，克鲁维菌属Kluyvera，芽孢杆菌属Bacillus，漫游球菌属Vagococcus，香味菌属Myroides，黄杆菌属Tenacibaculum和微球菌属Micrococcus。从多样性指数分析看，1月(4.24)和4月(4.28)的Shannon多样性指数高于7月(3.96)。1月、4月和7月的Pielou指数分别为0.97、0.97和0.95，说明三个采样日的物种分布较为均匀。Bray-Curtis和S？rensen相似性指数显示，7月份肠道微生物菌群与1月和4月份相似性较低(分别为0.27和0.23)，随着底播时间和季节转化，底播虾夷扇贝肠道微生物变化较大，尤其夏季(7月份)与春季(4月份)和冬季(1月份)差异较大。
The aim of the study was to examine the bacterial community associated with the intestine of Yesso scallop (Patinopecten yessoensis), and to isolate potential probiotics for juvenile culture of Yesso scallop. The scallops were bottom sowing in December 2014 and samples were collected in January, April and July 2015. Polymerase chain reaction and partial 16S rDNA sequencing were performed on DNA from bacteria cultivated on Zobell 2216E medium. The results showed that all the isolates were classified into Proteobacteria, Firmicutes and Actinobacteria, with the dominant Phylum of culturable intestinal microbiota being Proteobacteria (78.9%). At the genus level, Vibrio, Aliivibrio, Shewanella, Kordiimonas, Pseudoalteromonas, Pseudomonas, Aeromonas, Pelagicola, Phaeobacter, Shimia, Agarivorans, Psychrobacter, Marinomonas, Kluyvera, Bacillus, Vagococcus, Myroides, Tenacibaculum and Micrococcus were isolated from the intestine. Shannon diversity index in January (4.24) and April (4.28) was higher than that in July (3.96). The Pielou index in January, April and July was 0.97, 0.97 and 0.95, respectively, indicating that the distribution of species on the three sampling days was relatively uniform. The similarity index of Bray-Curtis and S？rensen showed that the intestinal microflora in July was less similar to that in January and April (0.27 and 0.23, respectively), and the intestinal microflora of scallop was significantly changed with the time and seasonal transformation of bottom Sowing. In particular, summer (July) is different from spring (April) and winter (January).