基于语料库的中日基本颜色词对比研究
A Corpus-Based Comparative Study on Basic Color Words between Chinese and Japanese

在Berlin和Kay (1969)提出“基本颜色词”这个概念以后，颜色词开始受到广泛关注和研究。本文主要通过语料库对现代汉语和日语中的基本颜色词的使用频率进行了统计，统计结果表明，现代汉语和日语中的基本颜色词的出现频次和Berlin和Kay (1969)所发现的颜色词的普遍认知结构有所不同。中文中的所有的颜色词的排列顺序是：绿 > 黑 > 白 > 红 > 蓝 > 黄 > 灰 > 粉红 > 紫 > 褐 > 橙。日语中的11个颜色词的排列顺序为：白い > 黒い = 青い > 赤い > 緑色 > 灰色 > 黄色 > 桃色 > 橙色 > 褐色 > 紫色，而日语的颜色词有既存的和语和外来语之分，和语的使用频度越低，外来语的使用频度越高，受外来文化的影响越大。此外，中文和日语中传统的基本颜色词都存在派生形式，其中中文的ABB型叠词形式是最常见的。而日语基本颜色词的派生形式较少，使用频率较低。
After Berlin and Kay (1969) introduced the concept of “basic color words”, color words began to receive widespread attention and research. This paper focuses on the frequency of basic color words in Chinese and Japanese through the corpus. The statistical results show that the frequency of basic color words in Chinese and Japanese is different from the universal cognitive structure of color words found by Berlin and Kay (1969). The order of all color words in Chinese is: green > black > white > red > blue > yellow > gray > pink > purple > brown > orange. However in Japanese it is white > black = blue > red > green > gray > yellow > peach > orange > brown > purple. Japanese color words are divided into existing Japanese words and foreign words, and the less frequently the Japanese words are used, the more frequently the foreign words are used, and the more influenced by foreign cultures. And then, derived forms of traditional basic color words exist in both Chinese and Japanese, with the ABB-type superlative form being the most common in Chinese. The derived forms of Japanese basic color words, on the other hand, are fewer and less frequently used.