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郑州市2020年PM2.5和O3污染特征及其驱动因素分析
The Pollution Characteristics and Their Driving Factors of PM2.5 and O3 in Zhengzhou of 2020

DOI: 10.12677/AEP.2021.114084, PP. 730-739

Keywords: 郑州，地理探测器，驱动因素
Zhengzhou, Geodetector, Driving Factors

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Abstract:

PM2.5和O3是大气污染研究的重要内容，基于2020年郑州市自然气象和社会经济数据，本文分析了PM2.5和O3污染特征，并借助地理探测器探讨影响污染物浓度的驱动因素。郑州市2020年PM2.5和O3污染表现出明显的季节性，PM2.5污染主要分布在空气污染严重的秋冬季节，O3污染主要分布在空气质量优良的春夏季节。通过地理探测器分析自然气象因素和社会经济因素对污染物的影响表明：对PM2.5和O3浓度变化影响最大的前三位驱动因素分别是平均温度(0.39)、环境污染专用设备(0.37)、塑料制品(0.35)和平均温度(0.58)、露点(0.39)、塑料制品(0.31)，任何两种因子的交互作用都要大于单一因子对污染物浓度变化的影响，露点和相对湿度交互后对PM2.5浓度变化的影响最大(0.61)，平均温度和二产用电占比交互后对O3浓度变化的影响最大(0.73)。研究显示自然气象因素和社会经济因素交互效应，对郑州市2020年PM2.5和O3浓度的变化起重要作用。
PM2.5 and O3 are import contents of air pollution research. Based on the natural meteorological and socio-economic data of Zhengzhou in 2020, this paper analyzes the pollution characteristics of PM2.5 and O3 and discusses the driving factors affecting the concentrations of pollutants by using Geodetector. The concentrations of PM2.5 and O3 show obvious seasonal changes. PM2.5 pollution was mainly distributed in autumn and winter with serious air pollutions, and O3 pollution was mainly distributed in spring and summer with good air qualities. The results of Geodetector analyses in-dicate that the top three driving factors affecting the concentrations of PM2.5 and O3 were average temperature (0.39), special equipment for environmental pollution (0.37), plastic products (0.35) and average temperature (0.58), dew point (0.39), plastic products (0.31), respectively. The influ-ence of the interaction of any two factors on the change of pollutant concentration is greater than that of a single factor. The interaction of dew point and relative humidity has the greatest impact on the concentration change of PM2.5 (0.61), and the interaction of average temperature and the pro-portion of electricity consumption in secondary industry has the greatest impact on the concentra-tion change of O3 (0.73). Hence, the interaction of natural meteorological factors and socio-eco- nomic factors played an important role in the changes of PM2.5 and O3 concentrations in Zheng- zhou.

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