提高神经导管生物活性的策略
Strategies to Improve the Biological Activity of Nerve Conduits

DOI: 10.12677/BP.2021.113003, PP. 19-29

Keywords: 神经导管，仿生，微环境，周围神经修复
Nerve Conduits, Bionic, Microenvironment, Peripheral Nerve Regeneration

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Abstract:

随着组织工程学研究的不断深入，神经导管的研究也已从简单的初级制备过渡到高级的仿生和功能制备。越来越多的研究表明，由组织工程产品材料的表面特性构成的微环境对组织工程和器官再生具有重要影响。例如材料的表面拓扑在指导细胞行为方面起着非常重要的作用，包括细胞形态、细胞粘附、分化和轴突引导。神经营养因子也被尝试引入神经导管，这些神经营养因子可控制细胞的命运，轴突的生长和引导，树突结构和修剪，突触的形成和突触可塑；而外源性电刺激能促进细胞增殖、神经细胞分化、轴突生长和伸展，并促进神经营养因子的产生。仅仅依靠单一因素，很难达到修复长距离神经缺损的理想效果，而研制具有多种因素组合调控的人工神经移植物，或成为神经再生领域的新思路。
The development of nerve conduits for repairing peripheral nerve injury is now focusing on their advanced bionic and multifunctional properties rather than the primary structures, as the continuous studies in tissue engineering field. More and more studies have shown that the microenvironment formed by the surface properties of biomaterials has an important impact on tissue regeneration. For example, the surface microstructure of materials plays a very important role in guiding cell behavior, including cell morphology, cell adhesion, differentiation and axon guidance. On the other hand, neurotrophic factors that are introduced in innerve conduits can also improve axon growth and guidance, dendritic structure and pruning, synapse formation and synaptic plasticity; moreover, exogenous electrical stimulation can promote cell proliferation, nerve cell differentiation, axon growth and the production of neurotrophic factors. However, successful repair of long-distance peripheral still remains challenges only relying on single factor; therefore, development of nerve conduits with multi-cues may shed some light on peripheral nerve regenerat？on.

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