露白引发对黑籽南瓜种子萌发整齐度的影响研究
Study of Breaking through a Priming Affecting Seedling Uniformity on Cucurbita ficifolia Seeds

嫁接是瓜类蔬菜克服土传病害、提高抗逆性的有效方法，生产上广泛采用嫁接的方法进行黄瓜生产，黑籽南瓜种子是广泛应用的瓜类砧木种子。嫁接要求砧木幼苗整齐一致，本研究通过引发黑子南瓜种子至刚露白再回干，并通过露白时间早晚调整播期来提高幼苗的整齐度。研究发现，引发超过最佳时间到种子裂口或露白并未显著影响种子再次萌发和幼苗生长，露白引发后可以剔除不发芽种子，确保播种幼苗发芽率达98%以上；通过晚露白的提前播种，早露白的延后播种的分批播种方式，与正常播种相比，可以使发芽结束时黑籽南瓜幼苗的苗高和茎粗更均匀，更符合嫁接要求。通过引发种子的电导率检测发现，露白引发并未显著影响种子的电导率。综上，露白引发结合分批播种可以显著提高幼苗的整齐度，对种子的成苗率也可以有较为准确的估算，是解决发芽不整齐的有效方法。
Grafting is an effective method for melon vegetables to overcome soil-borne diseases and im-prove their resistance to stress. Grafting is widely used in the production of cucumbers, and the Cucurbita ficifolia is widely used in cucumber rootstock. Grafting requires size uniformity of rootstock seedlings matching scions. In this study, the uniformity of seedlings was improved by priming the seeds of Cucurbita ficifolia when they were just exposed radicle, and by adjusting the sowing date by seed breaking testa time sooner or later. The results show that the seed ger-mination and seedling growth were not significantly affected by the seed priming to seed dehis-cence or breaking through testa. The seed germination rate could be more than 98% after breaking through testa priming. Compared with normal sowing, the seedling height and stem diameter of Cucurbita ficifolia can be more uniform at the end of germination and more in line with grafting requirements through the method of sowing in advance for germinate late seeds and sowing delay for early germinate seeds, compared with the method of sowing at the same time. It was found that the electrical conductivity of the seeds was not significantly affected by breaking through testa priming. In conclusion, the combination of breaking through test priming and sowing seperately can significantly improve the uniformity of seedlings and provide a more accurate estimation of the seedling formation rate of seeds, which is an effective method to solve the irregular germination.