考虑换乘策略的需求响应公交多车协同控制优化研究
A Multi-Bus Cooperative Control Approach in Demand Responsive Transit (DRT) Considering Transfer Strategy

长期以来，大部分公交公司需要依靠政府提供财政补贴维持运营，为提高运营收益，提升公共交通出行方式的吸引力，公交公司纷纷改革运营方式。需求响应公交DRT (Demand Responsive Transport)经营模式近几年成为公共交通运营的改革方向，经过实际应用后发现，需求响应公交在低出行需求区域取得良好的效果，但在城市中心区域的效果并不理想。为使需求响应公交在城市中心区域发挥优势，本文建立换乘多车协同服务的DRT整体化服务网络，以系统总时间最小和发车数量最少为目标函数，构建混合整数规划模型并使用MATLAB求解。最后，通过案例验证，本文构建的系统能够使出行总时间明显减少，同时发车数量较采取换乘策略之前也有减少，从而得出结论：在多车协同控制下，采取换乘策略的需求响应公交能够满足市中心等繁华地区的出行需求，并且能够降低系统总成本。
For a long time, most public transport companies need to rely on the government to provide fi-nancial subsidies to maintain operation. In order to improve the operation income and enhance the attractiveness of public transport travel mode, public transport companies have reformed the operation mode. In recent years, demand responsive transport (DRT) has become the reform direction of public transport operation. After practical application, it is found that DRT has achieved good results in low travel demand areas, but the effect in urban central areas is not ideal. In order to give full play to the advantages of demand responsive public transportation in the central area of the city, this paper establishes the DRT integrated service network of multi vehicle cooperative service, takes the minimum total system time and the minimum number of departures as the objective function, constructs the mixed integer programming model and uses MATLAB to solve the problem. Finally, through the case verification, the system constructed in this paper can significantly reduce the total travel time, and the number of departure vehicles is also reduced compared with that before taking the transfer strategy, so as to draw a conclusion: under the multi vehicle collaborative control, taking the transfer strategy to respond to the demand of public transport can meet the travel demand of downtown and other prosperous areas, and can reduce the total cost of the system.