地表基质调查内容及要素–属性指标体系探讨
Discussion on the Contents of Ground Substrate Investigation and the Index System of Elements and Attributes

地表基质层是自然资源三维立体分层分类模型中的一个重要层位，是支撑孕育地球表面森林、草原、水、湿地等各门类自然资源的基础物质层，其类型、分布、理化性质和不同景观属性等特征直接影响和作用于自然资源的数量和质量，从而影响生态环境特征。因此，地表基质调查评价已成为支撑自然资源保护利用、农牧业生产、粮食安全以及生态环境保护修复的基础性工作，同时也是更好地服务碳达峰、碳中和目标任务的重要内容。作为一个突破性的创新概念和自然资源综合调查评价的新领域，地表基质调查的具体内容是什么，调查要素和指标如何设置等，当前还没有深入研究并形成统一认识。本文以支撑服务自然资源管理、生态环境保护修复、农林牧业生产、健康中国建设、碳储潜力等重大需求为牵引，结合相关工作实践，对地表基质调查内容和要素–属性指标进行了探索总结，旨在为进一步部署实施地表基质调查工作提供经验借鉴，为探讨地表基质调查评价应用服务提供参考。
Ground substrate layer is an important layer in the three-dimensional hierarchical classification model of natural resources. It is the basic material layer that supports various types of natural resources such as forests, grasslands, water bodies, and wetlands on the surface of the earth. Its characteristics, such as type, distribution, physical and chemical properties distribution and different landscape attributes, etc., directly affect and act on the quantity and quality of natural resources, thereby affecting the characteristics of the ecological environment. Therefore, the investigation and evaluation of ground substrate has become a basic work to support the protection and utilization of natural resources, agricultural and animal husbandry production, food safety, and ecological environmental protection restoration, and it is also an important content to better serve the carbon peak and carbon neutral target tasks. As a breakthrough on innovative concept and a new field of comprehensive natural resources survey and evaluation, what is the specific content of the ground substrate survey, how to set the survey elements and indicators, etc., have not yet been thoroughly studied and a unified understanding has been formed. This article is guided by major needs, such as supporting and serving natural resource management, ecological environmental protection resto-ration, agriculture, forestry and animal husbandry production, healthy China construction, and carbon storage potential. Combined with related work practices, this article explores and summarizes the survey content and element indicators of the ground substrate. It aims to provide experience and reference for further deployment and implementation of ground substrate survey work, and to provide a reference for exploring the application services of ground substrate survey evaluation.